AL FALAH, Mirza Hanif and Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2026) NEO DAN PALEOEKOLOGI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI PARIAMAN, PESISIR UTARA PULAU JAWA, DAN PULAU MADURA SEBAGAI LANDASAN PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN MANGROVE BERKELANJUTAN. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan sistem pesisir yang sangat dinamis dan perubahan lingkungannya dapat direkam secara efektif melalui analisis diatom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji neoekologi dan merekonstruksi paleoekologi ekosistem mangrove di Pariaman, Pesisir Utara Pulau Jawa, dan Pulau Madura dengan mengintegrasikan analisis diatom, environmental DNA (eDNA), mineralogi, dan litostratigrafi sedimen. Ditemukan dominasi kelompok bentik (32–97 spesies per lokasi) yang mencerminkan kondisi perairan dangkal dan hidrodinamika rendah– sedang. Komunitas diatom permukaan didominasi oleh taksa air tawar dan estuari seperti Eunotia spp., Nitzschia spp., dan Navicula spp., sedangkan diatom laut seperti Paralia sulcata, Skeletonema costatum, dan Thalassiosira spp. merekam pengaruh intrusi laut dan dinamika pesisir. Distribusi vertikal diatom pada inti sedimen umumnya menunjukkan perubahan lingkungan dari fase dominasi air tawar, fase transisi estuari, hingga fase pengaruh laut yang lebih kuat. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-wiener (H’), indeks kemerataan evenness (e), indeks dominansi (D), dan Indeks Diatom Generik (IDG) mengindikasikan variasi tingkat stabilitas ekosistem, dengan beberapa lokasi, seperti Pariaman dan Indramayu berada pada kondisi relatif stabil (H' > 3) dan lokasi lain, seperti Brebes dan Msdura masih mengalami gangguan (H' < 2). Integrasi dengan data mineralogi (kuarsa, lempung, karbonat, dan sulfida) memperkuat interpretasi perubahan kondisi pengendapan dan redoks sedimen. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan integratif neo–paleoekologi berbasis diatom memberikan kerangka ilmiah yang kuat untuk memahami dinamika jangka panjang ekosistem mangrove dan mendukung perencanaan pengelolaan mangrove berbasis Nature-Based Solutions yang adaptif di setiap lokasi terhadap perubahan lingkungan pesisir.
Kata kunci: diatom, eDNA, ekosistem mangrove, paleoekologi, litostratigrafi

Mangrove ecosystems are highly dynamic coastal systems, and their environmental changes can be effectively recorded through diatom analysis. This study aims to examine the neoecology and reconstruct the paleoecology of mangrove ecosystems in Pariaman, the North Coast of Java Island, and Madura Island by integrating diatom analysis, environmental DNA (eDNA), mineralogy, and sedimentary lithostratigraphy. The results reveal a dominance of benthic diatom groups (32–97 species per site), reflecting shallow-water conditions and low to moderate hydrodynamic energy. Surface diatom communities are dominated by freshwater and estuarine taxa such as Eunotia spp., Nitzschia spp., and Navicula spp., while marine diatoms, including Paralia sulcata, Skeletonema costatum, and Thalassiosira spp. record the influence of marine intrusion and coastal dynamics. Vertical distributions of diatoms in sediment cores generally indicate environmental shifts from freshwater-dominated phases to estuarine transitional phases, and then to phases with stronger marine influence. Values of Shannon- wiener diversity index (H’), evenness index (e), dominance index (D), and the Generic Diatom Index (GDI) indicate varying levels of ecosystem stability, with several locations, such as Pariaman and Indramayu, exhibiting relatively stable conditions (H' > 3), whereas other sites, such as Brebes and Madura, remain disturbed (H' < 2). Integration with mineralogical data (quartz, clay minerals, carbonates, and sulfides) further strengthens interpretations of changes in depositional environments and sediment redox conditions. These results confirm that an integrative diatom-based neo–paleoecological approach provides a robust scientific framework for understanding the long-term dynamics of mangrove ecosystems and supports adaptive, site-specific mangrove management planning based on Nature-Based Solutions in response to coastal environmental change.
Keywords: diatom, eDNA, mangrove ecosystem, paleecology, litostratigraphy

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