ADHA, Zahrani Febriana (2026) ILLOCUTIONARY FORCES IN EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS AS REFLECTION OF DEPRESSION BY THE MAIN CHARACTER OF SYLVIA PLATH'S THE BELL JAR. Undergraduate thesis, UNDIP: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya.

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Abstract

The Bell Jar is a novel written by Sylvia Plath in 1963 that explores feminism and psychological themes. This study is aimed at analyzing the expressive speech acts used by the novel’s main character, Esther Greenwood, during her depression and how they reflect her depression. The method of this study is descriptive qualitative and the data are expressive speech acts produced by Esther Greenwood that related to depression during her depression. Using theory of expressive speech acts and theory of negative cognitive bias, this study will find how illocutionary forces in expressive speech acts reflect Esther’s depression. The findings show that Esther used expressive speech acts in 23 utterances during her depression in the novel. The illocutionary forces that appeared are complaint, protest, and lament, while other illocutionary forces did not appear. These expressive speech acts reflect some negative cognitive biases such as arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, generalization, and minimization. These negative cognitive biases indicate that Esther tended to think and respond negatively which is reflected in expressive speech acts.

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