Buanawangsa, Kirana Siffa Sekar (2025) Synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from durian shell, characterization, and activity test as nanofertilizer on bok choy cultivation. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip.

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Abstract

Indonesia stands as a leading agricultural nation in Southeast Asia, where the
agricultural sector serves as a cornerstone of the national economy. Among its key
commodities, durian contributes substantially to fruit production with an annual
yield of about 1.85 million tons. Durian shells contain cellulose, lignin, and
hemicellulose which can be utilized as a precursor for carbon-based materials. This
study aims to synthesize CQDs derived from durian shells through a hydrothermal
method, determine its characteristics, and evaluate its potential activity as a
nanofertilizer to enhance the growth of bok choy (Brassica rapa) under a
hydroponic cultivation system. The synthesis of CQDs in this study was carried out
using a hydrothermal method with variations in reaction time under 120℃.
Characterization revealed that the optimal CQDs product was obtained from
synthesis at 120 °C for 6 h, showed by maximum emission peak at 413 nm. FTIR
analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups included hydroxyl, alkene,
carbonyl, and hydrocarbon groups, which are typical of carbon-based materials. In
addition, CQDs demonstrated an average hydrodynamic diameter of 6.58 nm, while
the resulted zeta potential is -13.63 mV. Biological activity assays demonstrated
that nanofertilizer CQDs variation of KD020 enhanced the growth of bok choy
based on ANOVA and DMRT analyses, including number of leaves, leaf length, and
leaf width over 3-6 week after planting.

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