ALBER, Ivan Darren and Fajar TK, Berkah and Harmoko, Udi (2025) ANALISIS EFISIENSI ENERGI PLTU 50 MW BERDASARKAN EPRI DAN PERHITUNGAN LOSSES DENGAN APLIKASI ENGINEERING EQUATION SOLVER (EES). Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Audit energi termal merupakan salah satu metode strategis dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja termal pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Unit 1 berkapasitas 50 MW melalui analisis Net Plant heat rate (NPHR). Data primer diperoleh melalui uji kinerja (performance test) pada beban maksimum daya mampu neto 50 MW dengan sistem terisolasi dan parameter operasi yang mendekati kondisi komisioning. Data sekunder meliputi dokumen komisioning, data desain, serta referensi teknis dari The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), ASME-PTC, dan literatur terkait lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai NPHR mengalami kenaikan sebesar 183 kcal/kWh, dari 2.914 kcal/kWh saat komisioning menjadi 3.097 kcal/kWh saat performance test aktual. Kenaikan ini berpotensi meningkatkan biaya bahan bakar hingga Rp7,15 miliar per tahun. Dari total 11 faktor yang dianalisis, dua faktor utama penyebab kenaikan NPHR adalah peningkatan tekanan kondensor dan kenaikan excess air. Sebanyak 17 rekomendasi perbaikan disusun, dengan potensi penurunan NPHR sebesar 165,867 kcal/kWh atau setara penghematan biaya bahan bakar sebesar Rp6,48 miliar per tahun. Penelitian ini juga menghitung kerugian energi menggunakan metode heat balance serta software Engineering Equation Solver (EES) untuk verifikasi, dan mengusulkan analisis biaya serta waktu pengembalian investasi (payback period) untuk setiap rekomendasi. Sebagai langkah strategis jangka panjang, disarankan implementasi sistem performance monitoring berbasis daring dan peningkatan akurasi pengukuran parameter operasi pada setiap peralatan utama.
Kata kunci: PLTU, audit energi termal, Net Plant Heat Rate, efisiensi energi, performance test, EPRI.

Thermal energy audit is one of the strategic methods for improving the efficiency of power plants. This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance of a 50 MW Steam Power Plant Unit 1 through an analysis of the Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR). Primary data was obtained through a performance test conducted at the plant’s maximum net capacity of 50 MW, under isolated system conditions and operating parameters close to commissioning conditions. Secondary data includes commissioning documents, design data, and technical references from The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), ASME-PTC, and other relevant literature. The results of the study show that the NPHR increased by 183 kcal/kWh, from 2,914 kcal/kWh during commissioning to 3,097 kcal/kWh during the actual performance test. This increase has the potential to raise fuel costs by up to IDR 7.15 billion per year. Out of the 11 analyzed factors, the two main contributors to the NPHR increase were the rise in condenser pressure and the increase in excess air. A total of 17 improvement recommendations were developed, with a potential NPHR reduction of 165.867 kcal/kWh, equivalent to a fuel cost saving of approximately IDR 6.48 billion per year. The study also calculated energy losses using the heat balance method and verified results using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. In addition, cost analysis and investment payback period for each recommendation were proposed. As a long-term strategic step, the implementation of an online-based performance monitoring system and improvements in the accuracy of operational parameter measurements for each main equipment unit are recommended.
Keywords: Steam Power Plant, thermal energy audit, Net Plant Heat Rate, energy efficiency, performance test, EPRI

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