PUJIWINARKO, Ari and Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih and Kismartini, Kismartini (2025) EVALUASI SISTEM PERTANIAN LOKAL BERBASIS KENTANG SEBAGAI DASAR PENGEMBANGAN MODEL AGROFORESTRI DI DATARAN TINGGI DIENG. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Sistem pertanian lokal berbasis kentang telah lama diadopsi petani Dieng, secara nyata telah meningkatkan taraf kehidupan, namun di sisi lain telah menyebabkan degradasi lahan. Agroforestri menjadi salah satu program berbasis vegetatif yang telah dilaksanakan untuk mengatasinya, namun tingkat keberhasilannya masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sistem pertanian lokal berbasis kentang dan mengembangkan model agroforestri berkelanjutan. Metode campuran/mix method digunakan pada penelitian ini, dengan pengambilan data dilakukan secara konkuren/bersamaan. Penentuan lokasi dan responden/narasumber dipilih secara sengaja dan bertahap (multistage purposive sampling). Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Batur dan Kejajar, yang merupakan wilayah utama dataran tinggi Dieng. Ada 260 petani kentang yang disurvei, 12 Key Informan Interview (KII) dan 30 petani kentang yang dilibatkan dalam diskusi dan survei preferensi. Analisis regresi logistik biner, statistik deskriptif, analisis naratif dan analisis trade-off digunakan pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai R/C rasio budidaya kentang 1,22–1,83, mengindikasikan kelayakannya secara ekonomi. Perubahan manajemen lahan dalam bentuk penggunaan mulsa plastik dan frekuensi penanaman hanya 1-2 kali/tahun semakin meningkat dipraktikkan dalam rangka mempertahankan produktivitas kentang. Kombinasi kentang dan MPTS (Multipurpose trees species/buahbuahan) penanaman di pinggiran lahan (trees along border) merupakan model terbanyak dipraktikkan petani kentang pengadopsi agroforestri. Faktor-faktor seperti jenis sumber energi, penggunaan mulsa, frekuensi penanaman kentang, persepsi terhadap bencana, minat petani, harga tanaman pangan/kentang, pasar, harga produk agroforestri yang fluktuatif dan kebijakan pemerintah terkait insentif/subsidi, ditemukan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap adopsi agroforestri. Parameter ekonomi seperti pasar,harga produk agroforestri dan insentif/kompensasi lingkungan lebih dipertimbangkan petani sebagai hambatan dan pendorong untuk adopsi agroforestri di lahan pertanian kentang. Urutan prioritas pengembangan model agroforestri berdasarkan rerata nilai pembobotan trade-off antar kriteria dan indikator keberlanjutan (ekonomi,sosial, ekologi) yang dapat digunakan sebagai alaternatif pengganti model kontrol/model A (monokultur kentang, bobot 50,95) adalah model C (kombinasi kentang dan MPTS, bobot 53,56), model B (kentang dan pohon, bobot 49,06) dan model D (kentang, pohon dan MPTS, bobot 47,15. Pada akhirnya bisa disimpulkan bahwa sistem pertanian lokal berbasis kentang masih menjadi sumber mata pencaharian utama masyarakat Dieng karena kelayakan budidayanya secara ekonomi sehingga menjadi kewajaran dan tantangan bahwa agroforestri belum menjadi sistem utama di wilayah ini. Jenis tanaman, pola tanam, dan kombinasi tanaman yang tumbuh di lahan pertanian masyarakat menunjukkan preferensi dan cara pandang masyarakat terhadap tanaman tersebut serta merepresentasikan cara pengelolaan lahan pada sistem pertanian lokal tersebut. Penting untuk mempertimbangkan sistem pertanian lokal dengan tanaman pangan utamanya beserta cara pengelolaan lahannya, praktik agroforestri yang telah ada beserta perspektif sosio-ekonomi dan preferensi petani untuk lebih meningkatkan adopsi agroforestri di masa mendatang. Selain itu, pemodelan agroforestri yang secara sosial bisa mengakomodir preferensi petani pemilik lahan sekaligus memiliki keunggulan secara ekonomi dan ekologi dibandingkan model lainnya bisa lebih diprioritaskan pengembangannya oleh stakeholder terkait.
Kata Kunci : Pertanian Lokal, Kentang, Preferensi, Adopsi Agroforestri, , Trade-off, Model

Local agricultural system based on potatoes which has long been practiced, has significantly improved the standard of living of Dieng farmers, but on the other hand, it has caused environmental degradation. Agroforestry is one of the vegetative-based programs that has been implemented to overcome this, but the success rate is still low. This research aims to evaluate local agricultural system based on potatoes and develop a sustainable agroforestry model that can be implemented on food crop-based agricultural land. A mixed method was used in this research, with data collection carried out concurrently. The location and respondents/informants were selected deliberately and in stages (multistage purposive sampling). There were 260 potato farmers surveyed, 12 Key Informant Interviews (KII) and 30 potato farmers involved in the discussion and survey of agroforestry modeling planning preferences. Binary logistic regression analysis, descriptive statistics, narrative analysis and trade-off analysis were used in this study. The research results show that the R/C ratio for potato cultivation is 1.22– 1.83, which indicates its economic feasibility. The combination of potatoes and MPTS (Multipurpose trees species) planting on the edge of the land (trees along border) is the plant composition and planting pattern most widely practiced by potato farmers adopting agroforestry. Factors such as type of energy source, use of mulch, frequency of planting potatoes, perception of disasters, farmers' interest, prices of food crops/potatoes, markets, fluctuating prices of agroforestry products and government policies regarding incentives/subsidies, were found to have a significant influence on agroforestry adoption. The priority order for developing agroforestry models based on the average trade-off weighting value between criteria and sustainability indicators (economic, social, ecological) is model C (combination of potatoes and MPTS, weight 53.56), model B (potatoes and trees, weight 49.06 ) and model D (potatoes, trees and MPTS, weight 47.15. In the end it can be concluded that the local farming system based on potatoes is still the main source of livelihood for the people of Dieng because of the economic feasibility of its cultivation. Types of plants, planting patterns, and The combination of plants grown on community agricultural land shows the community's preferences and views on these plants and represents the way land is managed in the local agricultural system. It is important to consider the local agricultural system with its main food crops along with their land management methods, existing agroforestry practices and perspectives socio-economic and farmer preferences to further increase agroforestry adoption in the future. In addition, agroforestry modeling that can socially accommodate the preferences of land-owning farmers while also having economic and ecological advantages compared to other models can be prioritized for development by relevant stakeholders.
Keywords: Local Agricultural Systems, Potatoes, Preferences, Agroforestry Adoption, Trade-off, Model

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