DAYANTI, Dilla and Christwardana, Marcelinus and Septevani, Athanasia Amanda (2024) PENGEMBANGAN KOMPOSIT RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM (RPUF) BERPENGUAT NANOSELULOSA DARI LIMBAH TANDAN KELAPA SAWIT (TKS) SEBAGAI MATERIAL INSULASI TERMAL PENDUKUNG KONSERVASI ENERGI. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Konsumsi energi menempati posisi paling penting, yang secara langsung mempengaruhi ekonomi dan lingkungan. Peningkatan kebutuhan energi semakin tinggi seiring dengan pemanasan global. Berdasarkan data dari Internasional Energy Agency (IEA), sebanyak 30-40% konsumsi energi global berasal dari bangunan yang berkontribusi hingga 26% emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Perpindahan panas melalui selubung bangunan menyumbang 60-80% terhadap beban pemanasan dan pendinginan. Telah dibuktikan bahwa peningkatan kinerja termal eksterior bangunan dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan efisiensi energi bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh nanoselulosa berkelanjutan yang diperoleh dari Tandan Kelapa Sawit (TKS) sebagai penguat untuk meningkatkan sifat Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPUF). Penguatan RPUF dengan berbagai konsentrasi nanoselulosa (0,25–1 wt%) diperiksa berdasarkan kinetika reaksi, stabilitas dimensi, sifat mekanis, sifat insulasi termal, struktur morfologi, dan kajian konservasi energi. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) Penambahan nanokristal selulosa (CNC) dalam formulasi RPUF komersial dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik sebesar 25% dan sifat insulasi sebesar 10% dibandingkan RPUF tanpa CNC. 2) Pengembangan formulasi RPUF teroptimasi dapat meningkatkan sifat sifat mekanik sebesar 23% dan sifat insulasi sebesar 13% dibandingkan dengan RPUF komersial. 3) Penambahan nanokristal selulosa (CNC) dalam formulasi RPUF teroptimasi dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik sebesar 25% dan sifat insulasi sebesar 8% dibandingkan RPUF teroptimasi tanpa CNC. 4) Penambahan nanofiber selulosa (CNF) dalam formulasi RPUF teroptimasi dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik sebesar 41% dan sifat insulasi sebesar 11% dibandingkan RPUF teroptimasi tanpa CNF. Lebih lanjut lagi, penggunaan komposit RPUF-nanoselulosa sebagai insulasi termal dapat menghemat energi 8.645-8.979 kWh/m2. Penelitian ini menunjukkan penggunaan bahan insulasi bangunan ramah lingkungan yang menjanjikan untuk mengurangi krisis energi dan lingkungan.
Kata kunci: komposit, rigid polyurethane foam, nanoselulosa, insulasi termal

Energy consumption occupies the most important position, directly affecting the economy and the environment. The increase in energy demand is getting higher along with global warming. Based on data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), as much as 30-40% of global energy consumption comes from buildings which contribute up to 26% of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Heat transfer through the building envelope contributes 60-80% to the heating and cooling load. It has been demonstrated that improving the thermal performance of building exteriors can significantly improve building energy efficiency. This study aims to analyze the effect of sustainable nanocellulose obtained from Palm Oil Bunches (TKS) as reinforcement to improve the properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPUF). Reinforcement of RPUF with various concentrations of nanocellulose (0.25-1 wt%) was examined based on reaction kinetics, dimensional stability, mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties, morphological structure, and energy conservation studies. The results of this study are 1) The addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in commercial RPUF formulations can improve mechanical properties by 25% and insulation properties by 10% compared to RPUF without CNC. 2) Development of optimized RPUF formulation can improve mechanical properties by 23% and insulation properties by 13% compared to commercial RPUF. 3) The addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in the optimized RPUF formulation can improve mechanical properties by 25% and insulation properties by 8% compared to optimized RPUF without CNC. 4) The addition of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) in the optimized RPUF formulation can improve mechanical properties by 41% and insulation properties by 11% compared to the optimized RPUF without CNF. Furthermore, the use of RPUF-nanocellulose composites as thermal insulation can save 8,645-8,979 kWh/m2 of energy. This research demonstrates the promising use of environmentally friendly building insulation materials to mitigate the energy and environmental crisis.
Keywords: composite, rigid polyurethane foam, nanocellulose, thermal insulation

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