WAHYONO, Yoyon and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Budihardjo, Mochamad Arief (2022) STUDY OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF MULTI-FEEDSTOCK BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS. Doctoral thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

	Text 1. Cover.pdf Download (1MB)
	Text 2. Chapter 1.pdf Download (685kB)
	Text 3. Chapter 2.pdf Download (798kB)
	Text 4. Chapter 3.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (657kB)
	Text 5. Chapter 4.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text 6. Chapter 5.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text 7. Chapter 6.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text 8. Chapter 7.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text 9. Chapter 8.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text 10. Chapter 9.pdf Download (330kB)
	Text 11. Appendixes.pdf Download (1MB)

Abstract

Effective biodiesel storage has proven to be an issue, with the Indonesian government investing billions of Indonesian rupiahs (IDR) to address it. As a result, it is critical to explore how different storage strategies impact the quality of biodiesel. As indicated by the findings of this study, the storage of biodiesel in a closed container at 22 °C in the dark may reduce biodiesel oxidation, particularly, the negligible development of ketone and aldehyde groups in the biodiesel oxidation process during storage, based on fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. If not handled appropriately, the production of palm oil biodiesel in Indonesia has the potential to damage the environment. A life cycle assessment (LCA) research on the production of palm oil biodiesel was undertaken in this study to examine the environmental performance in Indonesia. The oil palm plantation processing unit contributed the most to the carbon footprint, human health damage, and ecosystem diversity damage, whereas the biodiesel production processing unit caused the most damage to resource availability. This study was carried out to produce biodiesel from a mixture of five different oils, including palm oil, used cooking oil, soybean oil, canola oil, and sunflower oil, using transesterification at varying oil:methanol mole ratios. According to the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) data, all mole variants had a methyl ester percentage of greater than 98 % area. For all variants, the FTIR analysis found peaks indicating the existence of a methyl ester functional group and its long-chain (–R). The methyl ester concentration, density, acid value, and total glycerol test parameters all satisfied ASTM D 6751, EN 14214, and SNI 7182–2015 quality requirements. The production of biodiesel from diverse feedstocks, which is now being done on a laboratory scale, has the potential to be scaled up to an industrial size in the future. As a result, research on the energy balance, environmental effect, and environmental damage of multi-feedstock biodiesel production is required. The energy balance study indicates that the biodiesel multi-feedstock plant is feasible to operate. The renewability of multi-feedstock biodiesel is 2.62 and that of palm oil biodiesel is 5.27. Multiple crop farming is more damaging to the environment than oil palm agriculture alone since it requires more fertiliser. The conversion of scrubland to various crop plantations (soybean, canola, sunflower, and oil palm) resulted in a contribution of 9.89 tCO2 GHG emissions per tonne of biodiesel produced, but the conversion to exclusively oil palm plantation resulted in a value of -3.43 tCO2. The cost of multi-feedstock biodiesel is 126 $. The availability of resources for multi-feedstock biodiesel is more than that of palm oil biodiesel, which was 79.7 $. Finally, using soybean, canola, and sunflower oil to produce multi-feedstock biodiesel is not advised since it has a larger environmental impact and a not as good energy balance than palm oil biodiesel.

Keywords: biodiesel; environmental impact; energy balance; environmental damage; life cycle assessment; multi-feedstock

Actions (login required)

View Item