RATNANI, Rita Dwi and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Widiyanto, Widiyanto (2022) PEMANFAATAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia Crassipess) sebagai ASAP CAIR dengan TEKNOLOGI PIROLISIS dalam UPAYA PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN dan PENINGKATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT di RAWA PENING. Doctoral thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Eceng gondok tumbuh sangat cepat sehingga memerlukan penanganan yang cepat pula. Pirolisis adalah salah satu cara cepat untuk mengelola eceng gondok. Eceng gondok di Rawa Pening perlu segera ditangani karena pertumbuhannya sangat cepat. Pemanfaatan asap cair dari eceng gondok sebagai pengawet belut untuk mengelola lingkungan di Rawa Pening adalah tujuan dari penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian dicapai dalam tiga tahap: (1) menyelidiki persepsi masyarakat desa Rawaboni di Rawa Pening, (2) mencari kondisi optimum atas proses pirolisis eceng gondok menjadi asap cair serta pemanfaatan asap cair yang dihasilkan untuk mengawetkan belut, (3) analisis dampak proses pirolisis terhadap lingkungan.
Penelitian didesain secara eksperimental, di lapangan dan laboratorium. Penelitian tentang persepsi dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada masyarakat Rawaboni yang bekerja di Rawa Pening sehari-hari. Penelitian laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Proses Kimia Universitas Wahid Hasyim, Laboratorium Biokimia Farmasi, Laboratorium Instrumen Universitas Diponegoro, dan Laboratorium Instrumen Universitas Gadjah Mada. Hasil penelitian laboratorium dianalisis menggunakan RSM dengan bantuan Minitab, dan evaluasi dampak menggunaakan SimaPro.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, faktor ekonomi, sosial, politik, teknik dan budaya berpengaruh terhadap persepsi masyarakat terhadap pirolisis eceng gondok menjadi asap cair dengan nilai R2 54,4%. Pirolisis eceng gondok menjadi asap cair memperoleh kondisi yang paling optimum pada suhu 400 °C dan waktu 4 jam dengan komposisi yang lengkap dan aman untuk pengawetan belut. Perolehan nilai TPC dan TVB telah memenuhi syarat SNI-01-2717-1992 dan SNI 01-2729-2-2006 tentang batasan maksimum TPC dan TVB pada ikan asap. Kesimpulan dari penilaian dampak pada proses pirolisis adalah asap dari proses pirolisis tidak memberikan dampak penting. Gas yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis (H2, CO, C2H6) berefek cukup rendah pada lingkungan (climate change), yaitu sebesar 26,9 kg CO2 eq dan photochemical 0,554 kg NMVOC. Justru dampak paling penting dari cepatnya pertumbuhan eceng gondok adalah dari hasil kajian LCA.
Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi masyarakat dipengaruhi faktor ekonomi dan budaya. Namun secara simultan dihasilkan nilai F hitung lebih besar dari F Tabel, maka variabel ekonomi, sosial, politik, teknik dan budaya secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap persepsi masyarakat dengan nilai R2 54,4%. Model optimasi proses pirolisis terhadap eceng gondok kering dan basah pada masing-masing parameter respon densitas memberikan pengaruh yang positif dengan nilai R2 73,2%. Pengujian terhadap belut asap memperoleh hasil yang menggembirakan, dimana asap cair mampu menghambat tumbuhnya bakteri dan menjaga protein dalam belut asap. Hasil tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai TPC dan TVB yang sesuai standar SNI. Hasil menggembirakan juga diperoleh pada uji dampak lingkungan pada proses pirolisis, bahwa eceng gondok berdampak paling besar terhadap lingkungan, sehingga pirolisis eceng gondok menjadi asap cair sangat tepat untuk diterapkan.
Keyword: Persepsi Masyarakat Rawa Pening, Eceng Gondok, Optimasi, Pirolisis

Water hyacinth grows very fast, so it needs fast handling too. Pyrolysis is one of the quick ways to manage water hyacinth. Water hyacinth in Rawa Pening is very important to be managed immediately because of its fast growth. This study aims to utilize water hyacinth into liquid smoke as an eel preservative in an effort to manage the environment in Rawa Pening. The research objectives were achieved in 3 stages: (1) investigating the perception of the people of Rawaboni Rawa Pening, (2) finding the optimum conditions for the pyrolysis process of water hyacinth into liquid smoke and utilizing the resulting liquid smoke to preserve eels and (3) analyzing the environmental impact of the pyrolysis process. that happened.
The research was designed experimentally and carried out in the field and the laboratory. Research on perceptions was conducted by interviewing the people of Rawaboni who work in Rawa Pening daily. Laboratory research was conducted at the Chemical Process Laboratory of Wahid Hasyim University, the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Laboratory, the Instrument Laboratory of the Diponegoro University, and the Instrument Laboratory of the Gadjahmada University. The results of the research in the laboratory were analyzed using RSM with the help of Minitab, and impact evaluation was analyzed using SimaPro.
Based on the study results, economic, social, political, technical and cultural factors influence the people's perception of the pyrolysis of water hyacinth into liquid smoke with an with an R2 value of 54.4%. Pyrolysis of water hyacinth into liquid smoke obtained the most optimum conditions at 400 °C and 4 hours with a complete and safe composition for eel preservation. The obtained values of TPC and TVB have met the requirements of SNI-01-2717-1992 and SNI 01-2729-2-2006 regarding the maximum limit of TPC and TVB in smoked fish. The impact assessment on the pyrolysis process concluded that the smoke produced from the pyrolysis process did not have a significant impact. The gas produced from pyrolysis (H2, CO, C2H6) has a fairly low effect on the environment (climate change), 26.9 kg CO2 eq and 0.554 kg NMVOC photochemical. The most critical impact from the rapid growth of water hyacinth is the results of the LCA study.
This research concludes that economic and cultural factors influence the public's perceptions. However, simultaneously the calculated F value is greater than the F Table, then the economic, social, political, technical and cultural factors together influence people’s perception with an R2 value of 54.4%. The optimization model of the pyrolysis process for dry and wet water hyacinth on each density response parameter has a positive effect with an R2 value of 73.2%. The smoked eel test obtained encouraging results where the liquid smoke could inhibit the growth of bacteria and maintain the protein in the smoked eel. These results are proven by the TPC and TVB values according to SNI standards. Exciting results were also obtained from the environmental impact test in the pyrolysis process, that water hyacinth had the most significant impact on the environment, so the pyrolysis of water hyacinth into liquid smoke was very appropriate to do.
Keywords: Rawa Pening Community Perception, Water Hyacinth, Optimization, Pyrolysis

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