SURANINGSIH, Kanti and Purnaweni, Hartuti and Helmi, Muhammad (2022) PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN RESTORASI MANGROVE MENGGUNAKAN PEMODELAN GEOSPASIAL DI KABUPATEN BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA. Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Geoposisi Kabupaten Bantul yang berbatasan langsung dengan Samudra Hindia mempunyai dampak lingkungan berupa abrasi, intrusi, degradasi sedimentasi bagian hilir sungai, dll. Restorasi mangrove sangat diperlukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, sedangkan mangrove di Kabupaten Bantul masih terbatas seluas 4 ha. Padahal mangrove juga sangat potensial dijadikan area wisata dan juga mendukung keanekaragaman hayati serta menangani perubahan iklim. Namun penentuan kawasan mangrove pada dasarnya berkaitan dengan keputusan penggunaan lahan yang melibatkan banyak faktor dan aktor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (i) menganalisa kesesuaian lahan mangrove berdasarkan aspek fisik-kimia, (ii) menentukan prioritas lokasi restorasi mangrove berdasarkan persepsi pemangku kepentingan, (iii) menganalisis pengembangan kawasan restorasi mangrove.
Upaya menjawab permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan melakukan pengumpulan data melalui pengukuran sampel tanah, kuesioner, observasi, dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data menggunakan (i) pemodelan geospasial pada analisis aspek fisik-kimia, (ii) AHP (Analitical Hierachy Process) pada penentuan prioritas kawasan berdasarkan pemangku kepentingan, dan (iii) integrasi pemodelan spasial antara aspek fisik-kimia, AHP dan peta RTRW Kabupaten Bantul. Kriteria aspek fisik-kimia disusun berdasarkan hasil laboratorium pengukuran salinitas tanah, pH tanah, kandungan bahan organik tanah, dan tinggi genangan. Kriteria penentuan prioritas kawasan disusun berdasarkan aspek ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial menggunakan teknik kuisioner. Hasil pemetaan kemudian dilakukan overlay terhadap peta RTRW Kabupaten Bantul untuk menghasilkan kawasan pengembangan restorasi mangrove.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi mangrove sekarang kurang mampu menanggulangi dampak abrasi, intrusi, degradasi sendimentasi bagian hilir sungai. Hal ini karena masih terbatas luasannya, sehingga perlu penataan sesuai dengan kualitas lahan mangrove dan prioritas lokasi menurut persepsi pemangku kepentingan. Analisis pengembangan restorasi mangrove diperoleh hasil bahwa masih terdapat lahan mangrove yang berpotensi. Berdasarkan analisa kesesuaian lahan diperoleh hasil bahwa kondisi lahan dengan kelas sangat sesuai diperoleh luas sebesar 295,36 ha (85% dari luas daerah penelitian) dan kelas sesuai sebesar 53,92 ha (15%). Pemangku kepentingan (penggiat mangrove, pemerintah daerah, dan akademisi) memprioritaskan pada aspek ekologi sebesar 71%, ekonomi 11%, dan sosial 18%. Berdasarkan prioritas tersebut diperoleh skor pada kecamatan Kretek 18,19 (prioritas 1), Sanden 17,37 (prioritas 2) dan Srandakan 13,41 (prioritas 2). Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan overlay dengan peta RTRW diperoleh bahwa kawasan pengembangan restorasi mangrove yaitu (i) prioritas pertama di Kecamatan Kretek Desa Tirtohargo (29,61 ha) dan Desa Parangtritis (24,31 ha) dengan total seluas 53,93 ha, (ii) prioritas kedua di Desa Srigading Kecamatan Sanden (21,09 ha) dan Desa Poncosari Kecamatan Srandakan (33,41 ha), sehingga total sebesar 54,50 ha, (iii) prioritas ketiga berada di badan sungai Opak (66,72 ha) dan sungai Progo (74,11 ha) serta sempadan pantai Pangtritis (15,46 ha).
Rekomendasi mangrove sebagai eduekowisata di sempadan Sungai Opak dan Sungai Progo sangat diharapkan karena selain sebagai daerah pariwisata juga mampu mengurangi resiko bencana pesisir. Pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove juga harus mempertimbangkan aspek ekologi dan sosial, bukan sekedar keuntungan ekonomi jangka pendek. Pemerintah daerah sebagai pengambil kebijakan harus lebih proaktif dalam mengedepankan restorasi mangrove, dengan menerapkan restorasi berbasis partisipasi masyarakat.
Kata kunci : pemodelan geospasial, AHP, kawasan restorasi, mangrove

The geoposition of Bantul Regency which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean has environmental impacts in the form of abrasion, intrusion and sedimentation degradation of the downstream part of the river, etc. Mangrove restoration is urgently needed to overcome this. Mangroves in Bantul Regency are still limited to an area of 4 ha. Whereas mangroves are also very potential to be used as tourist areas and also support biodiversity and deal with climate change.
However, the determination of mangrove areas is basically related to land use decisions that involve many factors and actors. The aims of this study were (i) to analyze the suitability of mangrove land based on bio-physical-chemistry aspects, (ii) to determine the priority of mangrove restoration sites based on stakeholder perceptions, (iii) to analyze the development of mangrove restoration areas.
Efforts to answer the problems and research objectives using quantitative research methods by collecting data through soil sample measurements, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses (i) geospatial modeling in the analysis of bio-physical-chemistry aspects, (ii) AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) in determining area priorities based on stakeholders, and (iii) integration of spatial modeling between bio-physical-chemistry aspects, AHP and RTRW maps of Bantul Regency. The criteria for the bio-physicalchemistry
aspect are prepared based on the results of laboratory measurements of soil salinity, soil pH and soil organic matter content. The criteria for determining area priorities are compiled based on ecological, economic and social aspects using a questionnaire technique. The mapping results are then overlaid on the Bantul Regency RTRW map to produce a mangrove restoration development area.
The results show that the current condition of the mangroves is unable to cope with the impact of abrasion, intrusion, and sedimentation degradation in the downstream part of the river. It is necessary to arrange according to the quality of the mangrove land and the priority of the location according to the perception of the stakeholders. Mangrove land suitability analysis resulted that land conditions with a very suitable class obtained an area of 295.36 ha (85% of the research area) and
an appropriate class of 53.92 ha (15%). Stakeholders (mangrove activists, local governments, and academics) prioritize the ecological aspects at 71%, economics 11%, and social 18%. Based on these priorities, the Kretek sub-districts scored 18.19 (priority 1), Sanden 17.37 (priority 2) and Srandakan 13.41 (priority 2). Mangrove restoration development areas are (i) the first priority in Kretek District, Tirtohargo Village (29.61 ha) and Parangtritis Village (24.31 ha) with a total area of 53.93 ha, (ii) the second priority in Srigading Village, Sanden District (21 .09
ha) and Poncosari Village, Srandakan District (33.41 ha), so that a total of 54.50 ha, (iii) the third priority is in the Opak river (66.72 ha) and the Progo river (74.11 ha) and Parangtritis beach border (15.46 ha).
Recommendations for mangroves as edu-ecotourism in the Opak River and Progo River borders are highly expected because apart from being a tourism area, they are also able to reduce the risk of coastal disasters. Mangrove ecosystem management must also consider the ecological and sosial aspects, not just shortterm economic benefits. Local governments as policy makers must be more proactive in promoting mangrove restoration, by implementing community participation-based restoration.
Keywords: geospatial modeling, AHP, restoration area, mangrove

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