Nadira, Najla and Putranti, Ika Riswanti and Basith, Andi Akhmad (2021) Analyzing European Union’s Membership Polarization Given towards Sanctions Given to Russia /44/HI/2021. Undergraduate thesis, Faculty of Social and Political Science.

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Abstract

Ukraine officially separated itself from Soviet Union’s imperialistic government and became independent in 1991, however after gaining independence until now, Ukraine has been facing terror from Russia, first by annexing Crimea and later supporting the separatist movement in Eastern Ukraine. As the event unfolds, the European Union decided to impose restrictive measures specifically for Russia and continues to expand the scope of the measures because of Russia’s consistency in destabilizing Ukraine. While the decision to impose sanctions was seen as the suitable solution by the EU, the prolongation of the measures have caused the member states of the EU to be polarized and out of 28 member states, 14 member states are in favor of the sanctions, 9 member states are not in favor of the sanctions and the remaining 5 member states of the EU has an ambivalent stance on the sanctions. This research aims to analyze how the member states’ polarization affects the EU’s decision on Russia, specifically on the matter of implementing the restrictive measures. The three frameworks of Liberal Intergovernmentalism theory are used here to explain that preferences shapes regimes, regimes exist because there are interests that are accommodated and the states are not accommodated then some actors might not want to cooperate. The results show that while the EU has used the term ‘integration’ or being ‘in line together’, the reality is the opposite as each member states has its own preferences that are heavily influenced by past experiences and their own conditions which affects their perspective EU’s stance against Russia, causing internal polarization.
Keywords: Russia-Ukraine Conflict, Polarization, Sanctions, Liberal Intergovern mentalism

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