UTAMI, Umi Baroroh Lili and Susanto, Heru and Cahyono, Bambang (2021) MODIFIKASI KERATIN DARI BULU ITIK SEBAGAI FILTER LOGAM BERAT PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH AIR ASAM TAMBANG BATUBARA DALAM SKALA LABORATORIUM. Doctoral thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mensintesis dan mengarakterisasi keratin dari bulu itik dengan metode ektraksi, (2) mensintesis dan mengarakterisasi komposit keratin bulu itik - HDPE dengan dari, (3) menguji kinerja komposit keratin bulu itik -HDPE pada penyerapan Fe3+, dan (4) menguji kinerja komposit keratin bulu itik- HDPE pada aplikasi pengolahan limbah cair asam tambang batubara.
Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium yang meliputi modifikasi bulu itik dilakukan dengan tiga variasi yaitu dengan HCl-CH3OH, Na2S2O5d an NaOH. Prediksi mekanisme rekasi dilakukan dengan pengamatan hasil FTIR. Analisis Fe dilakukan dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA) Pembuatan komposit bulu itik termodifikasi Na2S2O5. dengan polietilena HDPE dilakukan dengan 5 variasi perbandingan antara bulu itik-Na2S2O5 dengan HDPE. Sampel dianalisis SEM. Adsorben yang terbaik diuji kapasitas adsorpsi secara kontunyu. Pengolahan air asam tambang secara netralisasi dan filtrasi, dilakukan dengan desain kapasitas alat 100 liter, netralisasi NaOH dosis 26,2 g/m3, laju aliran 2 L/menit. Parameter uji terdiri dari pH (SNI 06-6989.1), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) dengan SNI 06-6989.3, Fe total (SNI 6989.4) dan Mn (SNI 6989.5:2009). Hasil pengolahan air asam tambang dibandingkan dengan baku mutu sesuai dengan Peraturan Gubernur Kalimantan Selatan Nomor 36 Tahun 2008.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan NaOH 10% pada air asam tambang mampu menaikkan pH dan proses kenaikan pH ternyata mampu menurunkan kadar logam Mn mampu 31,95-39,27 % dan Fe 18,60-25,42%, dengan Rp. 327 rupiah/m3, Pada FTIR bulu itik menunjukkan serapan 3309 cm-1 menandai terdapatnya OH, 1651 cm-1 yang menandai serapan C=O asam karboksilat, 1527 cm-1 menandai NH dan 1234 cm-1 menandai CN. Sintesis keratin dari bulu itik dengan HCl-CH3OH, Na2S2O5 dan NaOH menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pada bilangan gelombang yang menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi proses ekstraksi keratin. Pada bulu itik modifikasi HCl-CH3OH, Na2S2O5 dan NaOH yang dikontakkan dengan terjadi perubahan puncak-puncak serapan gugus fungsi yang ada, yang membuktikan terjadinya interaksi antara adsorben dengan Fe3+. Ekstraksi bulu itik dapat meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsi untuk CH3OH-HCl, Na2S2O5, yaitu 125,00 dan 129,87 mg/g, namun dengan NaOH, menurunkan kapasitas adsorpsinya yaitu sebesar 68,49 mg/g dari 83,33 mg/g, dengan model adsopsi mengikuti Freundlich. Pada komposit keratin-Na2S2O5-HDPE spektrum FTIR pada 1626,12 menandakan ikatan C=C terkonjugasi C=O, ini berasal dari maleat anhidrida yang ditambahkan pada saat pembuatan komposit, dan pada 2848 menandakan CH2 dari gugus etilen dari HDPE. Untuk model adsorpsi Fe pada komposit keratin-Na2S2O5-HDPE mengikuti Freundlich, dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 97,087 mg/g dan kapasitas adsorpsi secara kontinyu Fe3+ oleh bulu itik Na2S2O5-HDPE sebesar 93,302 mg/g. Hasil uji terhadap filter komposit keratin-Na2S2O5- HDPE pada pengolahan air asam tambang Batubara secara kontinyu dengan penambahan NaOH 98% 26,12 g/m3, menunjukkaan bahwa kualitas effuen yang diolah secara kontinue menggunakan filter komposit keratin-Na2S2O5- HDPE sudah sesuai dengan baku mutu lingkungan effuen limbah batubara sesuai dengan Peraturan Gubernur Kalimantan Selatan Nomor 036 Tahun 2008 dan Pertambangan dan Kep.Men LH No.113 Tahun 2003
Kata kunci : keratin, bulu itik, komposit, HDPE, air asam tambang (AAT)

This study aimed to (1) synthesize and characterize keratin from duck feathers by extraction method, (2) synthesize and characterize duck feather keratin composites- HDPE with from, (3) examine the performance of duck feather keratin-HDPE composites on Fe3+ absorption, and ( 4) tested the performance of HDPE-duckin keratin composite in the application of coal mine acid wastewater treatment.
The research was conducted in a laboratory which included modification of duck feathers with three variations, namely with HCl-CH3OH, Na2S2O5 and NaOH. Prediction of the reaction mechanism is done by observing the results of FTIR. Fe analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Making a modified Na2S2O5 duck feather composite. with polyethylene HDPE was carried out with 5 variations of the ratio between duck feathers- Na2S2O5 with HDPE. Samples were analyzed by SEM. The best adsorbent was tested continuously for adsorption capacity. Acid mine water treatment by neutralization and filtration, carried out with a design capacity of 100 liters, neutralization using NaOH dose of 26.2 g/m3 , flow rate of 2 L/min. The test parameters consisted of pH (SNI 06-6989.1), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) with SNI 06-6989.3, total Fe (SNI 6989.4) and Mn (SNI 6989.5:2009). The results of acid mine water treatment are compared with quality standards in accordance with South Kalimantan Governor Regulation Number 36 of 2008.
The results showed that the addition of 10% NaOH to acid mine water was able to increase the pH and the process of increasing the pH was able to reduce the metal content of Mn to 31.95-39.27% and Fe 18.60-25.42%, with Rp. 327 rupiah/m3, In FTIR duck feathers showed an absorption of 3309 cm-1 indicating the presence of OH, 1651 cm-1 which indicated C=O absorption of carboxylic acids, 1527 cm-1 indicated NH and 1234 cm-1 indicated CN. Synthesis of keratin from duck feathers with HCl-CH3OH, Na2S2O5 and NaOH showed that there was a change in the wave number indicating that the keratin extraction process had occurred. The modified HCl-CH3OH, Na2S2O5 and NaOH duck feathers were contacted with a change in the absorption peaks of the existing functional groups, which proved the interaction between the adsorbent and Fe3+. Duck feather extraction can increase the adsorption capacity for CH3OH-HCl, Na2S2O5, which is 125.00 and 129.87 mg/g, but with NaOH, it decreases the adsorption capacity of 68.49 mg/g from 83.33 mg/g, with Adsorption model follows Freundlich. In the keratin-Na2S2O5-HDPE composite the FTIR spectrum at 1626.12 indicates a conjugated C=C bond C=O, this comes from maleic anhydride added during the manufacture of the composite, and at 2848 indicates CH2 from the ethylene group of HDPE. For the Fe adsorption model on keratin-Na2S2O5- HDPE composite followed Freundlich, with adsorption capacity of 97.087 mg/g and continuous adsorption capacity of Fe3+ by kerain-Na2S2O5-HDPE composite of 93.302 mg/g. The test results of the keratin-Na2S2O5-HDPE composite filter in the Coal mine acid water treatment continuously with the addition of 98% NaOH 26.12 g/m3, showed that the quality of the effuent that was continuously treated using keratin Na2S2O5P-HDPE composite filter was appropriate. with environmental quality standards for coal waste effluent in accordance with South Kalimantan Governor Regulation No. 036 of 2008 and Mining and Minister of Environment Decree No. 113 of 2003.
Keyword : keratin, duck feather, composite, HDPE, acid mine draidage (AMD)

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