NILAWATI, Nilawati and Sunarsih, Sunarsih and Sudarno, Sudarno (2021) ANALISIS CEMARAN MIKROPLASTIK AIR LAUT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN GARAM RAKYAT DAN DAMPAK TERHADAP PELADANGAN GARAM. Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Bahan baku pembuatan garam adalah air laut yang masuk kekolam-kolam penguapan (peminihan) di peladangan garam. Saat ini air laut telah tercemar sampah plastik yang lama kelamaan terdegradasi menjadi potongan kecil <5 mm yang disebut mikroplastik. Ditambah lagi sampah plastik yang dibuang petani dan penjual makanan di area ladang garam berupa botol minuman, karung plastik, plastik kresek dan kemasan plastik makanan dan minuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa jumlah dan jenis mikroplastik (MP) pada kolam peminihan dan kolam kristalisasi (berupa garam). Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah MP menggunakan mikroskop, jenis plastik dengan FTIR, morfologi dengan SEM-EDX, logam berat dengan AAS. Variabel yang dilakuakn meliputi lokasi sampling (4 lokasi) dan proses kristalisasi (menggunakan dan tanpa menggunakan geomembran). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah MP pada kolam peminihan di Lokasi 1 dan 2 masing-masing 15,5-16 dan 14,25-14,625 partikel/L. Garam yang menggunakan geomembran lebih tinggi dari pada tanpa geomembran, masing-masing 337,375 dan 325,75 partikel/kg. Rata-rata 331,5625 partikel/kg. Hasil uji statistik Two-way Anova tidak ada perbedaan garam yang menggunakan dan tanpa menggunakan geomembran. Hasil uji FTIR diperoleh jenis plastik di kolam peminihan adalah Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene (PE), Nylon, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyethylene Tetephthalate (PET); Polyamida. Garam yang menggunakan Geomembran cemarannya lebih banyak dari yang tanpa geomembran, yaitu PS, PP, HDPE, Nylon, PET, Polyamida, Latex, sedangkan yang menggunakan Geomembran berupa PS, PP, HDPE, PET, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), PE, PVC, Akrilik, Ethylenevinyl Acetate, Latex. Hasil uji SEM EDX adanya perbedaan bentuk morfologi plastik geomembran yang belum digunakan dan yang sudah digunakan. Hal tersebut sama seperti morfologi dari kristal garam yang menggunakan dan tanpa menggunakan geomembran. Hasil uji FTIR adanya degradasi plastik geomembran di ladang garam. Cemaran lainnya adalah cemaran logam berat Pb, Cu, Hg, As, semua masih dalam ambang batas.
Kata kunci: Mikroplastik, degradasi geomembran, cemaran logam, FTIR, lingkungan peladangan garam

The raw material for making salt is sea water that enters the evaporation ponds in salt fields. Currently, seawater has been polluted with plastic waste which is gradually degraded into small pieces of <5 mm called microplastics. In addition, the plastic waste dumped by farmers and food sellers in the salt field area are steroform, drinking bottles, plastic sachets, plastic bags and plastic food and beverage packaging. This study aims to analyze the number and types of microplastics (MP) in evaporation ponds and crystallization ponds (salt). The method used to calculate the amount of MP using a microscope, the type of plastic with FTIR, morphology with SEM-EDX, heavy metals with AAS. Variables that were carried out included sampling location (4 locations) and crystallization process (using and without using geomembrane). The results showed that the amount of MP in the hatchery ponds at Locations 1 and 2 were 15.5-16 and 14.25- 14,625 particles/L, respectively. Salt using geomembrane was higher than without geomembrane, respectively 337,375 and 325,75 particles/kg. The average is 331.5625 particles/kgs. The results of the Two-way Anova statistical test showed no difference in salt using and without using Geomembrane. The results of the FTIR test showed that the types of plastic in the hatchery were Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene (PE), Nylon, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyethylene Tetephthalate (PET); Polyamide. Salts that use geomembranes have more contamination than those without geomembranes, namely PS, PP, HDPE, Nylon, PET, Polyamide, Latex, while those that use geomembranes include PS PP, HDPE, PET, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), PE, PVC, Acrylic, Ethylenevinyl acetate, latex. The results of the SEM EDX test showed that there were differences in the morphology of the geomembrane plastic that had not been used and those that had been used. It seems like morphology of salt crystals that use without using a geomembrane. The results of the FTIR test show the degradation of geomembrane plastic in the salt fields. Other contaminants are heavy metal contamination of Pb, Cu, Hg, As, all of which are still within the threshold.
Keywords: Microplastics, geomembrane degradation, metal contamination, FTIR, salt farming environment

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