KHOERUZZAMAN, Khoeruzzaman and Windarta, Jaka and Sulistyo, Sulistyo (2026) ANALISIS KELAYAKAN PLTMH 100 KW BERBASIS PEMANFAATAN AIR BUANGAN PENDINGIN KONDENSOR PADA PLTU PT XYZ. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Peningkatan kebutuhan energi listrik di sektor industri serta tuntutan dekarbonisasi mendorong optimalisasi pemanfaatan energi buangan dari sistem pembangkit. Salah satu potensi yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal adalah aliran buangan air pendingin kondensor Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) yang memiliki karakteristik debit besar, kontinu, dan head rendah.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi daya, menentukan konfigurasi turbin–generator yang optimal, serta mengevaluasi kelayakan teknis, ekonomi, dan lingkungan dari PLTMH berbasis aliran buangan kondensor.
Metode penelitian diawali dengan pengumpulan data eksisting yang meliputi parameter hidraulik seperti luas penampang aliran, head, dan debit. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis hidraulik pada kondisi tunak (steady state) untuk memperoleh karakteristik aliran, yang menjadi dasar dalam perhitungan daya teoritis dan daya efektif serta perancangan sistem PLTMH. Evaluasi kelayakan tekno-ekonomi dilakukan menggunakan indikator Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), dan Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Seluruh pengolahan data dilakukan secara numerik menggunakan Microsoft Excel 365, termasuk pemodelan matematis dan analisis sensitivitas terhadap parameter utama sistem.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada debit 1,20 m³/s dan head efektif 8,73 m diperoleh daya efektif sebesar 77,37 kW dengan kapasitas terpasang optimal 100 kW. Sistem mampu menghasilkan energi tahunan sekitar 610,01 MWh dengan faktor kapasitas 0,75–0,77, yang menunjukkan operasi yang stabil. Konfigurasi turbin Crossflow dengan direct coupling dipilih karena kesesuaiannya pada kondisi head rendah dan debit tinggi serta kesederhanaan mekanis. Secara ekonomi, proyek ini dinyatakan layak dengan CAPEX sekitar Rp3 miliar, NPV sekitar Rp1,74 miliar, IRR sekitar 17,9%, PBP sekitar 5,4 tahun, dan LCOE sekitar Rp725/kWh, serta berpotensi menurunkan emisi hingga ±518,51-ton CO₂ per tahun.
Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan aliran buangan kondensor sebagai sumber energi PLTMH merupakan pendekatan waste energy recovery yang efektif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi sekaligus mendukung dekarbonisasi sektor pembangkitan listrik.
Kata kunci: Mikrohidro, PLTU, Air Pendingin Kondensor, Analisis Tekno Ekonomi, Dekarbonisasi

The increasing demand for electrical energy in the industrial sector, along with decarbonization targets, has driven the need to optimize the utilization of waste energy from power generation systems. One underutilized potential is the condenser cooling water discharge from coal-fired power plants (CFPP), which is characterized by large, continuous flow rates and low head conditions.
This study aims to analyze the power potential, determine the optimal turbine–generator configuration, and evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of a micro-hydropower (MHP) system based on condenser discharge flow.
The methodology begins with the collection of existing hydraulic data, including flow cross-sectional area, head, and discharge. A steady-state hydraulic analysis is then conducted to characterize the flow, forming the basis for calculating theoretical and effective power and for designing the MHP system. Techno-economic feasibility is evaluated using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). All data processing is performed numerically using Microsoft Excel 365, including mathematical modeling and sensitivity analysis of key system parameters.
The results indicate that at a flow rate of 1.20 m³/s and an effective head of 8.73 m, the system produces an effective power of 77.37 kW with an optimal installed capacity of 100 kW. The system is capable of generating approximately 610.01 MWh annually with a capacity factor of 0.75–0.77, indicating stable operation. A Crossflow turbine with direct coupling is selected due to its suitability for low-head, high-flow conditions and its mechanical simplicity. Economically, the project is feasible with an estimated CAPEX of approximately IDR 3 billion, NPV of approximately IDR 1,74 billion, IRR of approximately 17,9%, PBP of approximately 5,4 years, and LCOE of approximately IDR 725/kWh. In addition, the system has the potential to reduce emissions by approximately 518,51-tons of CO₂ per year.
These findings demonstrate that utilizing condenser discharge as a micro-hydropower energy source represents an effective waste energy recovery approach to improve energy efficiency while supporting decarbonization in the power generation.
Keywords: Micro-hydro, Steam Power Plant, Condenser Cooling Water, Techno-economic Analysis, Decarbonization

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