GINANJAR, Mohammad Willy and Sulistyo, Sulistyo and Silviana, Silviana (2026) ANALISIS PENGARUH COFIRING BIOMASSA SAWDUST MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI SIMULASI GATE CYCLE DAN ZONASI PENYIMPANAN BAHAN BAKAR PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP TERHADAP KINERJA SISTEM PEMBAKARAN DAN EFISIENSI BOILER. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Pemenuhan kebutuhan listrik nasional masih sangat bergantung pada PLTU batubara, dengan kontribusi sekitar 36,85% dari total pembangkit di Indonesia. Di tengah transisi energi, PLTU menghadapi tantangan terkait ketersediaan, harga batubara, serta isu lingkungan yang mendorong penerapan kebijakan energi nasional dimana mewajibkan Pembangkit untuk melakukan kegiatan cofiring sebagai bagian dari kontribusi bauran energi di Indonesia.
Salah satu transisi energi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi emisi karbon sektor ketenagalistrikan adalah program cofiring biomassa pada unit Pembngkit Listrik Tenaga Uap PLTU Batubara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh cofiring biomassa jenis sawdust terhadap kinerja termal dan operasional PLTU. Analisis difokuskan pada variasi komposisi biomassa 0–10% berbasis energi pada Unit 5 PLTU XXX di berbagai tingkat beban operasi.
Metodologi penelitian menggunakan simulasi termal dengan perangkat lunak GateCycle yang telah dikalibrasi menggunakan data coal ultimate analysis (COA) dan laporan uji heat rate. Simulasi dilakukan pada empat tingkat beban, yaitu 70%, 80%, 90%, dan 100% dari beban maksimum (378 MW, 432 MW, 486 MW, dan 540 MW). Analisis kinerja boiler dilakukan dengan pendekatan neraca massa dan energi, serta metode heat loss berdasarkan standar ASME PTC 4. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi perubahan coal flow, kebutuhan udara pembakaran, efisiensi boiler, dan emisi CO₂ fosil.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan fraksi biomassa menurunkan nilai kalor campuran bahan bakar sehingga meningkatkan coal flow dan kebutuhan udara pembakaran. Pada beban penuh 540 MW, cofiring 10% biomassa menurunkan efisiensi boiler sekitar 1,3, namun tetap mampu mengurangi emisi CO₂ fosil hingga 8,6% per MWh netto.
Kata Kunci : Cofiring biomassa,Sawdust, Gatecycle, Simulasi, Emisi CO₂

The fulfillment of national electricity demand still relies heavily on coal-fired power plants, contributing approximately 36.85% of the total power generation in Indonesia. Amid the energy transition, these plants face challenges related to coal availability, pricing, and environmental issues, which drive the implementation of national energy policies when power plant to undertake cofiring activities as part of their contribution to Indonesia's energy mix.
One of energy transition that can be implemented to reduce carbon emissions in the electricity sector is the biomass cofiring program in coal-fired power plant. This study aims to analyze the effect of biomass cofiring, specifically using sawdust, on the thermal and operational performance of a coal-fired power plant. The analysis focuses on biomass composition variations of 0–10% on an energy basis at Unit 5 of PLTU XXX under various operating load conditions.
The research methodology employs thermal simulation using GateCycle software, calibrated with coal ultimate analysis (COA) data and unit heat rate test reports. Simulations were conducted at four load levels: 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of maximum load (378 MW, 432 MW, 486 MW, and 540 MW). Boiler performance analysis was carried out using mass and energy balance approaches, along with the heat loss method based on the ASME PTC 4 standard. The analyzed parameters include changes in coal flow, combustion air requirements, boiler efficiency, and fossil CO₂ emissions.
The results indicate that increasing the biomass fraction reduces the calorific value of the fuel mixture, leading to higher coal flow and combustion air requirements. At full load (540 MW), 10% biomass cofiring reduces boiler efficiency by approximately 1.3, while still achieving a reduction in fossil CO₂ emissions of up to 8.6% per net MWh.
Keywords: Biomass cofiring, Sawdust, Gatecycle, Simulation, CO₂ Emissions

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