FEBRYAN, Febryan and Hadisaputro, Suharyo and Sutiningsih, Dwi (2020) BERBAGAI FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP STIGMA NEGATIF PADA ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS (ODHA) DI MASYARAKAT (studi kasus di Kabupaten Pacitan). Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Stigma negatif pada ODHA dapat berupa prasangka, penghinaan dan diskriminasi. Stigma negatif menjadi hambatan dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan penyakit HIV/AIDS.
Tujuan: Menganalisis berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap stigma negatif pada ODHA. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Gasang, Desa Ngile dan Puskesmas Bubakan Pacitan.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan case control design dan mix method, sempel berjumlah 214 responden terdiri dari 107 kasus dan 107 kontrol yang diambil dari guru SD, tokoh masyarakat dan petugas kesehatan dengan cara total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan kai kuadrat, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik.
Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap stigma negatif pada ODHA yaitu tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat kurang (p = 0,026; OR = 2,354; CI 95% = 1,108 – 5,045), persepsi masyarakat negatif (p = 0,033; OR = 2,777; CI 95% = 1,086 – 7,099), dan dukungan kader kurang (p = 0,002; OR = 2,388 CI 95% = 1,362 – 4,185). Faktor lain yang tidak berpengaruh yaitu umur, jenis kelamin, taraf pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi guru SD, tokoh masyarakat, tenaga kesehatan, dan akses informasi.
Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi stigma negatif pada ODHA adalah tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat kurang, persepsi masyarakat negatif dengan tingkat probabilitas 54,43%, dukungan kader kurang 20,26%, dan kurangnya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam menyampaikan informasi di pihak keluarga.
Kata kunci: Stigma negatif , faktor-faktor, Pengetahuan, Persepsi, Kader, Akses informasi, ODHA

Background: Negative stigma of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can be in the form of prejudice, humiliation and discrimination. This stigma has become an obstacle in the prevention and control of HIV / AIDS.
Aim: Analyze the various factors that influence the negative stigma of PLWHA. This research was conducted in Gasang Village, Ngile Village and Bubakan Health Center in Pacitan Regency, Indonesia.
Method: This research used analytic observational design with case control and mix method, sample of 214 respondents consisted of 107 case respondents and 107 control respondents drawn from the community, elementary teachers, community leaders and health workers by means of total sampling. The data were collected through in-depth interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed through univariate, bivariate analysis using kai squared, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.
Results: This research showed that the factors that influenced the negative stigma of PLWHA were the low level of community knowledge (p = 0.026; OR = 2.354; 95% CI = 1.108 - 5.045), negative public perception (p = 0.033; OR = 2.777; 95% CI = 1.086. - 7,099), and the lack of support for HIV intelligence cadres (p = 0.002; OR = 2.388 95% CI = 1.362 - 4.185). Other factors that did not affect were age, gender, level of education, type of work, level of knowledge, perception of elementary school teachers, community leaders, health workers, and access to information.
Summary: Factors that influence the negative stigma of PLWHA are the low level of public knowledge, negative community perception with a probability level of 54.43%, support from cadres with a probability level of 20.26% and lack of community involvement in conveying information to the family.
Keywords: negative stigma, factors, knowledge, perceptions, cadres, access to information, PLWHA

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