Nadhiroh, Izzatun Amalia (2026) A MARXIST ANALYSIS: CLASS STRUGGLE AND INDIVIDUAL AWARENESS REFLECTED IN THE MAIN CHARACTER OF HOLLER (2020) IN THE DEINDUSTRIALIZED AREA OF THE RUST BELT IN JACKSON, OHIO. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Diponegoro.

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Abstract

The film Holler (2020), directed by Nicole Riegel, depicts the lives of the working class in Jackson, Ohio, a city impacted by deindustrialization in the United States’ Rust Belt. The purpose of this study is to examine how the film portrays deindustrialization conditions through the lens of historical materialism, to describe the forms of class struggle experienced by the main characters, and to investigate the limitations of individual class consciousness in the context of post-industrial capitalism. This study uses a qualitative, literature-based method with a Marxist perspective, building on Karl Marx’s theories of historical materialism and class struggle, as well as Georg Lukács’ concept of levels of consciousness. Primary data is sourced from the film Holler (2020), while secondary data is obtained from relevant journals, books, and scholarly articles. The results indicate that deindustrialization in Ohio’s Rust Belt is cinematically constructed as a material condition shaping the characters’ lives, rather than merely a backdrop. Class struggle in this film manifests in three forms: unequal negotiation, accommodation of exploitation, and individual escape as a final act of resistance. The main character Ruth’s consciousness remains at the individual level, while Blaze internalizes structural poverty as a personal failure. Both reflect how the material conditions of deindustrialization prevent the formation of the collective class consciousness necessary for structural change.

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