MANGUMA, Ignatius and Sutaryo, Sutaryo and Kusdiyantini, Endang (2026) PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH BUAH TROPIS SEBAGAI KOMBINASI SUBSTRAT FESES SAPI PERAH TERHADAP PRODUKSI METANA. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Pengolahan limbah organik secara anaerob untuk produksi biogas merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan sekaligus menciptakan energi terbarukan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan berbagai jenis limbah buah tropis (LBT) yang dikombinasikan dengan feses sapi perah (FSP) terhadap produksi metana. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan digester tipe batch menggunakan FSP sebagai kontrol dan dikombinasikan dengan 10 jenis limbah buah dengan produksi tertinggi di Indonesia yaitu nanas, rambutan, pisang, durian, alpukat, nangka, salak, jeruk, mangga, dan pepaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penggunaan LBT sebagai kombinasi substrate (co-substrate) FSP secara signifikan (p<0,05) meningkatkan produksi metana dibandingan kontrol pada hari pengamatan ke-30, 60, dan 90. Peningkatan produksi metana dihasilkan dari kombinasi FSP dengan limbah buah durian, pisang, salak, pepaya, alpukat, dan rambutan (70,06-234,64%). Kombinasi FSP_Durian dan FSP_Pisang menunjukkan produksi metana tertinggi (619,08 ± 142,15 dan 560,59 ± 157,70 mL/g VSadded). Sementara limbah mangga, nanas, jeruk, dan nangka tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) dari kontrol. Penambahan LBT sebagai co-substrate FSP secara signifikan (p<0,05) berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi volatile vatty acid (VFA), konsentrasi total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), dan nilai pH. Jenis LBT memberikan pengaruh yang bervariasi terhadap masing-masing variabel yang diamati. Kombinasi FSP dan LBT merupakan strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan produksi biogas, namun karakteristik limbah buah perlu dipertimbangkan. Penggunaan kombinasi FSP_durian dan FSP_pisang paling direkomendasikan.
Kata Kunci : biogas, co-substrate, feses sapi perah, limbah buah tropis, metana

Anaerobic processing of organic waste for biogas production is one strategy to overcome environmental problems while creating renewable energy. This study aimed to analyze the effect of using various types of tropical fruit waste (TFW) combined with dairy cow feces (DCF) on methane production. The study was conducted using a batch-type digester. The process with a substrate of DCF alone was a control. The co-digestion process was conducted using DCF combined with 10 types of fruit waste with the highest production in Indonesia, namely pineapple, rambutan, banana, durian, avocado, jackfruit, snake fruit, orange, mango, and papaya. Based on the results of the study, the use of TFW as a co-substrate for the DCF significantly (p<0.05) increased methane production compared to the control on the 30th, 60th, and 90th observation days. The increase in methane production resulted from the combination of DCF with durian, banana, snake fruit, papaya, avocado, and rambutan fruit wastes (70.06-234.64%). The combination of DCF_Durian and DCF_Banana showed the highest methane production (619.08 ± 142.15 and 560.59 ± 157.70 mL/g-VSadded). Meanwhile, the use of mango, pineapple, orange, and jackfruit wastes did not show significant differences (p<0.05) from the control. The addition of TFW as a co-substrate of DCF significantly (p<0.05) affected the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and the pH value. The type of TFW had various effects on each of the observed variables. The combination of DCF and TFW is an effective strategy to increase biogas production, but the characteristics of the fruit wastes need to be considered. The use of a combination of DCF_durian and DCF_banana is most recommended.
Keywords: biogas, co-substrate, dairy cow feces, tropical fruit waste, methane production

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