ARIFIN, Buchari Zainal and Silviana, Silviana and Saptadi, Singgih (2026) ANALISIS MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE PADA PROGRAM DE-DIESELISASI PLN DI DAERAH 3T: PERSPEKTIF GOVERNANCE, RISK DAN CONTROL DALAM MENDUKUNG DEKARBONISASI SEKTOR KELISTRIKAN. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Komitmen Indonesia untuk mencapai Net Zero Emissions pada tahun 2060 telah mendorong percepatan dekarbonisasi sektor ketenagalistrikan, termasuk melalui Program De-dieselisasi pada sistem kelistrikan terisolasi di wilayah terdepan, terluar, dan tertinggal (3T) yang selama ini didominasi oleh pembangkit listrik tenaga diesel (PLTD). Meskipun solusi berbasis energi terbarukan seperti PLTS yang dikombinasikan dengan battery energy storage system (PLTS+BESS) semakin layak secara teknis dan ekonomi, implementasi program de-dieselisasi oleh PT PLN (Persero) masih menghadapi keterlambatan, tantangan koordinasi, dan risiko keberlanjutan yang tidak sepenuhnya dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor teknis atau keuangan.
Penelitian ini membahas permasalahan fragmentasi tata kelola dan lemahnya koordinasi lintas level yang mendasari pelaksanaan Program De-dieselisasi. Secara khusus, studi ini menelaah bagaimana ketidaksesuaian kebijakan antar level global, nasional, korporasi, dan daerah berkontribusi terhadap penerjemahan kebijakan yang kurang efektif, tumpang tindih mandat kelembagaan, serta mekanisme akuntabilitas yang lemah.
Secara metodologis, penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kebijakan terapan kualitatif dengan mengintegrasikan analisis dokumen kebijakan energi dan perencanaan, analisis tematik wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan utama, serta pendekatan Governance, Risk, and Control (GRC). Analisis ini dipandu oleh teori Multi-Level Governance untuk mengkaji struktur tata kelola, proses koordinasi, dan dinamika akuntabilitas lintas level.
Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga kegagalan utama Multi-Level Governance, yaitu policy misalignment, overlapping mandates dan accountability gap yang mengaburkan tanggung jawab pada tingkat implementasi. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa de-dieselisasi di wilayah 3T merupakan proses tata kelola kelembagaan, bukan sekadar transisi teknologi, sehingga penguatan tata kelola multi-level melalui kerangka GRC menjadi kunci untuk memastikan dekarbonisasi sektor ketenagalistrikan yang adil, andal, dan berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: Multi-Level Governance, De-dieselization, Governance, Risk, and Control (GRC)

Indonesia's commitment to achieving Net Zero Emissions by 2060 has accelerated the decarbonization of the electricity sector, including through the De-dieselization Program in isolated electricity systems in frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged (3T) regions, which have been dominated by diesel-powered power plants (PLTD). Although renewable energy-based solutions such as solar power plants (PLTS) combined with battery energy storage systems (PLTS+BESS) are increasingly technically and economically feasible, the implementation of the de-dieselization program by PT PLN (Persero) still faces delays, coordination challenges, and sustainability risks that cannot be fully explained by technical or financial factors.
This research addresses the issues of governance fragmentation and weak cross-level coordination underlying the implementation of the De-dieselization Program. Specifically, the study examines how policy misalignments across global, national, corporate, and regional levels contribute to ineffective policy translation, overlapping institutional mandates, and weak accountability mechanisms.
Methodologically, this study employs a qualitative applied policy research design, integrating analysis of energy policy and planning documents, thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, and a Governance, Risk, and Control (GRC) approach. This analysis is guided by Multi-Level Governance theory to examine governance structures, coordination processes, and cross-level accountability dynamics.
The research identifies three key failures of Multi-Level Governance: policy misalignment, overlapping mandates, and accountability gaps that obscure responsibility at the implementation level. The study concludes that de-dieselization in the 3T (United, Transmigration, and Transmigration) regions is an institutional governance process, not simply a technological transition. Therefore, strengthening multi-level governance through a GRC framework is key to ensuring equitable, reliable, and sustainable decarbonization of the electricity sector.
Keyword: Multi-Level Governance, De-dieselization, Governance, Risk, and Control (GRC)

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