Luqmana, Baihaqi Chandra (2024) Comparison Study of Macrobenthic Mollusk Structure Based on Different Anthropogenic Activities at Teluk Awur Coastal Area, Jepara, Central Java. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Undip.

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Abstract

Indonesia's vast archipelago is home to diverse aquatic ecosystems, such as Teluk
Awur in Jepara, known for its mangrove reclamation. However, human activities such
as shipping, industrialization, and unsustainable agriculture pose threats to these
environments. This study examines the macrobenthic community, crucial for the food
chain and sediment structure, across three sites with varying levels of anthropogenic
impact: an untouched mangrove forest, the moderately impacted MSTP pier, and a
heavily affected shrimp/prawn farm Shrimp Farm Outlet. By comparing species
diversity, evenness, and dominance, the research aims to highlight macrobenthos as
bioindicators of environmental health, providing essential data for biodiversity
conservation, water quality monitoring, and sustainable resource management. The
study conducted in Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia, in May and June 2023, employed
purposive sampling to analyze macrozoobenthos species and abiotic parameters
across three locations. Measurements of key environmental parameters, such as pH,
salinity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and
water hardness, were conducted. These factors influence the distribution and health of
aquatic species. Despite different levels of human activities, all locations showed
similar results in Shannon-Wiener's, Evenness, and Simpson's Dominance indices.
Cerithidea quadrata was the most dominant species in most locations, except at
Harbour 02 where Cerithidea obtusa dominated. Fluctuations in abiotic parameters
between sampling periods were observed, potentially influenced by weather and
human activities. High Sorensen similarity indices between locations suggested
similar species compositions, with minor differences possibly due to variations in
environmental conditions or anthropogenic impacts. The research revealed significant
differences in species diversity and distribution across the three locations. Shrimp
Farm Outlet 01 exhibited the highest heterogeneity and evenness, while Mangrove 02
had the lowest values. Abiotic factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and
total dissolved solids, influenced species abundance. The study underscores the
importance of environmental conditions and human activities in shaping macrobenthic
communities, highlighting the need for conservation efforts and sustainable
management practices.
Keyword: Bioindicator, Shannon Diversity Index, Evenness Index, Dominance Index

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