MULIYADI, Muliyadi and Purwanto, Purwanto and Sumiyati, Sri (2025) REAKTOR MOVING BED BIOFILM DENGAN MEDIA TUTUP BOTOL PLASTIK UNTUK MENGURANGI BEBAN PENCEMAR PADA AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Urbanisasi dan industrialisasi yang pesat menghadirkan tantangan baru dalam pengelolaan air limbah. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) muncul sebagai solusi yang efisien dengan memanfaatkan media biofilm bergerak. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pemanfaatan tutup botol plastik sebagai media dalam sistem MBBR untuk meningkatkan koloni mikroorganisme yang berperan dalam penghilangan kontaminan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Mei hingga Juli 2024, menggunakan air limbah domestik dari saluran pembuangan dan greenhouse terdekat. Sampel dianalisis berdasarkan parameter Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), suhu, dan pH sesuai dengan standar SNI.
Metode eksperimen laboratorium diterapkan dalam desain penelitian ini dengan pendekatan sistem batch pada reaktor MBBR aerobik dan anaerobik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa reaktor aerobik memiliki efisiensi penyisihan COD 73%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan reaktor anaerobik yang mencapai 70%. Penyisihan maksimum BOD di kedua sistem tercatat pada 84%, dengan peningkatan efisiensi pada reaktor anaerobik setelah aklimatisasi. Rata-rata TSS outlet pada reaktor aerobik mencapai 69,7 mg/l dengan efisiensi 67%, sementara reaktor anaerobik menunjukkan 82,8 mg/l dan efisiensi maksimum 71%.
Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada COD dan TSS antara inlet dan outlet reaktor aerobik (p < 0,01), menunjukan efektivitasnya dalam mengurangi pencemaran. Sebaliknya, reaktor anaerobik hanya menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada COD dan TSS. Rata-rata suhu reaktor anaerobik (33,1°C) lebih tinggi, mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri mesofilik. Model kinetika degradasi mengindikasikan hubungan positif antara peningkatan substrat dan laju kinetika degradasi.
Kata Kunci: Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), Media Tutup Botol Plastik, Pengolahan Air Limbah, Mikroorganisme Lokal, Beban Pencemar

Rapid urbanization and industrialization present new challenges in wastewater management. The Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) has emerged as an efficient solution, utilizing a moving biofilm medium. This study explored the use of plastic bottle caps as a medium in an MBBR system to increase the number of microorganisms that play a role in contaminant removal. The study was conducted from May to July 2024, using domestic wastewater from nearby sewers and greenhouses. Samples were analyzed based on Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), temperature, and pH parameters in accordance with Indonesian National Standards (SNI).
Laboratory experimental methods were applied in this study design, using a batch system approach in both aerobic and anaerobic MBBR reactors. Results showed that the aerobic reactor had a COD removal efficiency of 73%, higher than the anaerobic reactor, which reached 70%. Maximum BOD removal in both systems was recorded at 84%, with efficiency increasing in the anaerobic reactor after acclimatization. The average outlet TSS of the aerobic reactor reached 69.7 mg/L, with an efficiency of 67%, while the anaerobic reactor showed 82.8 mg/L, with a maximum efficiency of 71%.
There was a significant difference in COD and TSS between the inlet and outlet of the aerobic reactor (p < 0.01), indicating its effectiveness in reducing pollution. In contrast, the anaerobic reactor only showed a significant difference in COD and TSS. The average temperature of the anaerobic reactor (33.1°C) was higher, supporting the growth of mesophilic bacteria. The degradation kinetics model indicated a positive relationship between substrate increase and degradation kinetics.
Keywords: Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), Plastic Bottle Cap Media, Wastewater Treatment, Indigenous Microorganisms, Pollutant Load

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