PRAMUDIVA, Rahel Rosana and Rahadian, Rully and Andarani, Pertiwi (2025) EFISIENSI TIGA VARIETAS TANAMAN KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) SEBAGAI AGEN FITOREMEDIASI TERHADAP LIMBAH CAIR TEMPE. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Industri tempe rumahan di Desa Pliken, Kabupaten Banyumas merupakan sentra produksi tempe terbesar berskala rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki pengolahan limbah cair yang memadai dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efisiensi kemampuan fitoremediasi tiga varietas kangkung air meliputi kangkung merah, kangkung batang putih, dan kangkung cabut casandra dalam pengolahan limbah cair tempe berdasarkan aspek kualitas air, respon biologis tanaman, serta menganalisis kesediaan masyarakat dalam penerapan metode fitoremediasi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari dengan perlakuan konsentrasi limbah cair tempe yang sama sebesar 25% dalam penurunan polutan BOD, COD, TSS, pH, nitrat, nitrit, dan fosfat yang disesuaikan dengan perbandingan baku mutu menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 dan baku mutu air sungai kelas II, III, dan IV dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Pengamatan morfologi panjang akar, jumlah daun, dan tinggi tanaman dianalisis menggunakan One-way ANOVA dan uji lanjutan Tukey serta data kesedian masyarakat dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 30 pelaku usaha tempe. Pengujian limbah cair tempe menunjukkan nilai BOD, COD, dan TSS melampaui ambang batas berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 dan varietas kangkung batang putih memiliki nilai efisiensi tertinggi dalam penurunan BOD dan COD sebesar 20% dan 23,8% dibandingkan varietas lainnya. Respon varietas tanaman kangkung air terhadap limbah cair tempe selama proses fitoremediasi mengalami perbedaan signifikan terhadap parameter panjang akar, jumlah daun, dan tinggi tanaman. Varietas kangkung batang putih menunjukkan kemampuan penyerapan limbah cair tempe tertinggi dengan berat basah akar sebesar 0,98 gram, sedangkan varietas kangkung merah paling efektif dalam penyerapan unsur hara dalam media limbah cair tempe dengan berat basah kering mencapai 0,12 gram. Pelaku usaha industri tempe rumahan di Desa Pliken menyetujui penerapan program fitoremediasi limbah cair tempe menggunakan kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica). Namun, implementasi program ini terkendala oleh faktor keterbatasan waktu, ekonomi, pola pikir, dan kurangnya pengetahuan di masyarakat. Dalam pemenuhan persyaratan baku mutu air limbah dibutuhkan pengelolaan limbah cair tempe menggunakan varietas kangkung batang putih sebagai tanaman yang direkomendasikan pada kolam terakhir melalui pembuatan IPAL sederhana.
Kata kunci : Fitoremediasi, Limbah cair tempe, Kangkung merah, Kangkung batang putih, Kangkung cabut casandra

The home based tempeh industry in Pliken Village, Banyumas regency is the largest household scale tempeh production center that does not have adequate wastewater treatment and can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to assess the efficiency of the phytoremediation ability of three varieties of water spinach including red water spinach, white stem water spinach, and casandra water spinach in processing tempeh liquid waste based on water qulity aspects, plant biological responses, and analyze the community’s willingness to apply the phytoremediation method. The study was conducted for 21 days with the same treatment of tempeh liquid waste concentration of 25% in reducing BOD, COD, TSS, pH, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate pollutants adjusted to the comparison of quality standards according to Environmental Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 and the quality standards of class II, III, and IV river water in Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. Morphological observations of root length, number of leaves, and plant height were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s follow up test and data on community willingness were collected through interviews and distributing questionnaires to 30 tempeh bussiness owners. Testing of tempeh liquid waste showed that the values of BOD, COD, and TSS exceeded the threshold based on Environmental Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2014 and white stem water spinach variety had the highest efficiency value in reducing BOD and COD by 20% and 23,8% compared to other varieties. The response of water spinach plant varieties to tempeh liquid waste during the phytoremediation process experienced significant differences in the parameters of root length, number of leaves, and plant height. The white stem water spinach variety showed the highest ability to absorb tempeh liquid waste with a root wet weight of 0,98 grams, while the red water spinach variety was most effective in absorbing nutrients in the tempeh liquid waste media with a dry wet weight of 0,12 grams. Home based tempeh industry businesses in Pliken Village agreed to implement a phytoremediation program for tempeh liquid waste using water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). However, the implementation of this program is constrained by factors of time constraints, economy,mindset, and lack of knowledge in the community. In fulfilling the requirements of wastewater quality standards, it is necessary to manage tempeh liquid waste using white stem water spinach variety as a recommended plant in the last pond through the manufacture of a simple liquid waste treatment plant.
Keywords : Phytoremediation, Tempeh wastewater, Red water spinach, White stem water spinach, Casandra water spinach

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