Prayoga, Bryant Andhika (2025) Performance Enhancement of Microbial Fuel Cell-Anode by Decorating Gold Nanoparticle on Top of Carbon Nanotube Utilizing Lime Juice as Bioreductor. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Sains dan Matematika.

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Abstract

This study investigates the performance enhancement of microbial fuel cell
(MFC) anodes through gold nanoparticle (AuNP) decoration on carbon nanotubes
(CNTs), using lime juice as a green bioreductor. The objectives were to characterize
the structure of CNT, CNT modified with polyethyleneimine (CNT/PEI), and
CNT/PEI decorated with AuNPs synthesized at 5, 30, and 60 minutes; to analyze
their electrochemical properties; and to evaluate their performance in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based MFCs under semi-anaerobic conditions. Initial
characterization included phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis, confirming
the presence of reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, flavonoids, terpenoids, and
alkaloids in lime juice. UV–Vis spectroscopy validated AuNP formation. Structural
analysis was conducted using FTIR (functional group identification), XRD
(crystallinity and grain size), FE-SEM with EDX–mapping (surface morphology
and elemental distribution), and TEM–EELS (nucleation, dispersion, and clustering
of AuNPs). Electrochemical behavior was examined using cyclic voltammetry and
rate-determining step (RDS) analysis to determine the electron transfer rate
constant (kₛ). MFC performance was tested through voltage output, power density,
and biofilm accumulation. Results revealed diffusion-controlled electron transfer
through cytochrome c, as shown by the nonlinear RDS curves. The electron transfer
rate constant (kₛ) increases with longer AuNP synthesis duration, from
1.5328±0.0213s⁻¹ (CNT) to 2.7161±0.0397s⁻¹ (CNT/PEI/AuNPs 60 min). The bestperforming anode (CNT/PEI/AuNPs 60 min) produced an average voltage of
50.39mV and a maximum power density of 40mW/m², outperforming CNT
(24.18mV and 15mW/m²). Biofilm analysis showed CNT/PEI/AuNPs supported
higher microbial growth (0.4096g) than CNT (0.1419g). Decorating CNTs utilizing
lime juice as a bioreductor to form AuNPs significantly improves anode
conductivity, biofilm formation, and electrochemical activity, leading to enhanced
MFC performance under semi-anaerobic conditions.

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