ROMADHONA, Sukron and Puryono, Sri and Mussadun, Mussadun (2025) PENGEMBANGAN LAHAN DAN PENILAIAN KEBERLANJUTAN PERTANIAN ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN SAFA (SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM). Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Tingginya permintaan pangan global dan penurunan daya dukung sumber daya alam mendorong urgensi transformasi menuju sistem pertanian berkelanjutan, terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keberlanjutan praktik pertanian padi dan salak di Kabupaten Sleman berdasarkan pendekatan SAFA dengan menilai sistem pertanian organik bersertifikat, organik non-sertifikat, dan non-organik. Sebanyak 18 kelompok tani dipilih secara purposive untuk mewakili ketiga kategori praktik, dan dilakukan analisis spasial kesesuaian lahan serta evaluasi keberlanjutan berdasarkan indikator ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan, dan tata kelola. Analisis dinamika penggunaan lahan mengungkapkan bahwa peningkatan lahan terbangun sebesar 31,47% dan penurunan vegetasi sebesar 13,99% selama 1991–2034 berpotensi memperburuk fragmentasi ekosistem dan mengancam keberlanjutan lingkungan. Tren prediksi penurunan lahan pertanian dari 45,11% (2023) menjadi 38,51% (2034) juga berisiko terhadap ketahanan pangan lokal. Pada analisis potensi lahan menunjukkan bahwa 79,77% wilayah Sleman berpotensi tinggi untuk pengembangan pertanian, dengan 18,50% lahan padi sangat sesuai (S1), dan sebagian besar lahan salak cukup sesuai (S2). Hasil dari penilaian keberlanjutan SAFA pada pertanian padi organik bersertifikat unggul dalam manajemen holistik (100%), sedangkan padi non-organik menonjol pada aspek investasi (82%). Salak organik bersertifikat menunjukkan kinerja terbaik dalam ekonomi lokal (90%), salak organik non sertifikat unggul dalam mata pencahrian yang layak (85%) sementara salak non-organik unggul dalam investasi (83%). Lahan organik bersertifikat menunjukkan kualitas tanah lebih tinggi, seperti KTK, KB, dan C-organik, dibandingkan non-sertifikat, karena durasi adopsi praktik, tingkat kepatuhan prinsip organik, serta akses pelatihan yang lebih baik. Kedua sistem organik, baik bersertifikat maupun non-sertifikat, mendapat input organik yang meningkatkan bahan organik dan struktur tanah, sehingga kualitas tanahnya secara keseluruhan lebih unggul dibandingkan lahan non-organik. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya penguatan kebijakan keberlanjutan pertanian, dukungan pelatihan berkelanjutan, dan perlindungan lahan produktif sebagai upaya strategis mempertahankan keseimbangan ekologis dan kesejahteraan petani di tengah tekanan pembangunan wilayah.
Kata kunci : SAFA, Penilaian Keberlanjutan, Pengembangan Lahan, Pertanian Organik, SDGS

The growing global demand for food and the declining capacity of natural resources underscore the urgent need for a transformation toward sustainable agricultural systems, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of rice and salak farming practices in Sleman Regency using the SAFA (Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture) framework, focusing on certified organic, non-certified organic, and non-organic farming systems. A total of 18 farmer groups were purposively selected to represent the three farming categories. The study applied spatial analysis to assess land suitability and evaluated sustainability based on economic, social, environmental, and governance indicators. Land use dynamics revealed a 31.47% increase in built-up areas and a 13.99% reduction in vegetation from 1991 to 2034, potentially exacerbating ecosystem fragmentation and threatening environmental sustainability. The projected decline in agricultural land from 45.11% in 2023 to 38.51% in 2034 poses a risk to local food security. Land suitability analysis showed that 79.77% of the Sleman region has high potential for agricultural development, with 18.50% of rice land classified as highly suitable (S1), and most salak land categorized as moderately suitable (S2). The SAFA sustainability assessment revealed that certified organic rice farming performed best in holistic management (100%), while non-organic rice farming excelled in investment (82%). Certified organic salak farming demonstrated the best performance in local economy (90%), non-certified organic salak farming excelled in decent livelihoods (85%), and non-organic salak farming led in investment (83%). Certified organic land exhibited higher soil quality such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation, and organic carbon compared to non-certified systems due to longer adoption periods, stricter compliance with organic principles, and better access to training. Both certified and non-certified organic systems received organic inputs that enhanced soil organic matter and structure, leading to better soil quality than non-organic systems. These findings highlight the need for strengthened agricultural sustainability policies, continuous farmer training support, and protection of productive lands as strategic efforts to maintain ecological balance and farmer welfare amidst regional development pressures. Keywords: SAFA, Sustainability Assessment, Land Development, Organic Farming, SDGS

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