RAHIM, Jusman and Sunarsih, Sunarsih and Budiati, Lilin (2025) MODEL PENGELOLAAN SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM MELALUI KERJASAMA PEMERINTAH BADAN USAHA BERBASIS KOLABORASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN SYSTEM DYNAMICS. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Permasalahan kelangkaan air menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah dalam peningkatan dan percepatan layanan akses air minum layak dan aman melalui perpipaan. Salah satu program untuk mengatasi kelangkaan air yaitu Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) melalui Kerjasama Pemerintah Badan Usaha (KPBU) Umbulan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kondisi saat ini menunjukkan tingkat produksi dan serapan air minum belum mencapai target 4.000 lpd dan menimbulkan permasalahan baru dalam pemenuhan air bersih di 5 Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Timur meliputi Kabupaten Pasuruan, Kota Pasuruan, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Kota Surabaya, dan Kabupaten Gresik. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1). Merancang model dan proyeksi pengelolaan KPBU SPAM Umbulan menggunakan pendekatan System Dynamics; 2). Mengidentifikasi status keberlanjutan dan leverage attribute pengelolaan KPBU SPAM Umbulan; serta 3). Merancang skema pengelolaan KPBU SPAM yang optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan pendekatan System Dynamics dan multidimensional scaling. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan observasi, survei, penyebaran kuesioner dan wawancara. Analisis pada System Dynamics menggunakan alat bantu software powersim studio 10 versi profesional dan status keberlanjutan menggunakan Rapid Appraisal for SPAM (RapSPAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Pengelolaan KBPU SPAM Umbulan dengan pendekatan System Dynamics dinyatakan valid dengan nilai AME dan AVE di bawah 10%, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk proyeksi ke masa depan. Status keberlanjutan KPBU SPAM Umbulan terbagi menjadi beberapa aspek meliputi: teknis, keuangan, dan sosial termasuk kategori cukup berkelanjutan, sedangkan aspek kelembagaan dan lingkungan kurang berkelanjutan. Skema pengelolaan KPBU SPAM Umbulan yang optimal dapat menerapkan Public-Private-People-Partnership dengan berbasis kolaborasi sebagai rekomendasi dalam pengelolaan KPBU SPAM Umbulan.
Kata kunci: Keberlanjutan, KPBU, RapSPAM, SPAM, System Dynamics

The problem of water scarcity is a challenge for the government in improving and accelerating access to safe and clean drinking water through piping. One of the programs to overcome water scarcity is the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) through the Umbulan Government-Business Entity Cooperation (KPBU) in East Java Province. Current conditions show that the level of production and absorption of drinking water has not reached the target of <4,000 lpd, causing new problems in meeting clean water needs in 5 regencies/cities in East Java including Pasuruan Regency, Pasuruan City, Sidoarjo Regency, Surabaya City, and Gresik Regency. This study aims to: 1). Design a model and projection of the management of the Umbulan SPAM KPBU using a System Dynamics approach; 2). Identify the sustainability status and leverage attribute of the management of the Umbulan SPAM KPBU; and 3). Design an optimal SPAM KPBU management scheme. This study uses a mixed method with a System Dynamics and multidimensional scaling approach. The sampling technique was carried out by observation, survey, questionnaire distribution and interviews. Analysis on System Dynamics using the professional version of Powersim Studio 10 software and sustainability status using Rapid Appraisal for SPAM (RapSPAM). The results of the study indicate that the KBPU SPAM Umbulan Management model with a System Dynamics approach is declared valid with AME and AVE values below 10%, so it can be used for future projections. The sustainability status of the KBPU SPAM Umbulan is divided into several aspects including: technical, financial, and social including the fairly sustainable category, while the institutional and environmental aspects are less sustainable. The optimal management scheme of the KBPU SPAM Umbulan can implement Public-Private-People-Partnership based on collaboration as a recommendation in the management of the KBPU SPAM Umbulan.
Keywords: Sustainability, PPP, RapSPAM, Water Supply, System Dynamics

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