ABDULGANI, Hamdani and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Sudarno, Sudarno (2025) KOMBINASI BIOFILTER ANAEROB DAN AEROB UNTUK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KECIL KERUPUK IKAN. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Peningkatan kualitas air menjadi salah satu fokus global, terutama bagi negara-negara yang terlibat dalam World Water Forum. Industri kecil kerupuk ikan, sebagai bagian dari Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), seringkali menghasilkan limbah cair yang mengandung bahan organik tinggi yang dapat mencemari lingkungan jika tidak diolah dengan baik. Limbah cair industri kerupuk ikan di Desa Kenanga, Indramayu, Jawa Barat, misalnya, dibuang langsung ke Sungai Cimanuk yang menjadi sumber air baku utama bagi masyarakat sekitar. Masalah limbah cair industri kecil kerupuk ikan mengandung polutan organik tinggi, seperti Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan teknologi pengolahan limbah yang sederhana, murah, efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan seperti kombinasi biofilter anaerob dan aerob dengan memanfaatkan bahan lokal. Penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan metode eksperimental melalui variasi Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) selama 4,8,16,20 dan 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MOL kotoran ayam mengandung bakteri genus Bacillus, seperti B. tequilensis, B. velezensis, dan B. amyloliquefaciens, yang berpotensi mendegradasi senyawa organik. Walaupun bioaktivator pabrikan lebih cepat mencapai aklimatisasi COD pada hari ke-3 dibanding MOL dan kontrol (hari ke-7), keduanya menunjukkan HRT terbaik pada 16 jam untuk biofilter anaerob dan HRT 12 jam untuk biofilter aerob.
Keyword: Biofilter Anaerob-Aerob, Limbah Cair Industri Kerupuk Ikan, Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL), Kotoran Ayam

Improving water quality is a global focus, especially for countries involved in the World Water Forum. Small fish cracker industries, as part of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), often produce liquid waste containing high organic materials that can pollute the environment if not properly processed. Liquid waste from the fish cracker industry in Kenanga Village, Indramayu, West Java, for example, is discharged directly into the Cimanuk River which is the main source of raw water for the surrounding community. The problem is that liquid waste from the fish cracker industry contains high organic pollutants, such as Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Therefore, a simple, cheap, effective, efficient and environmentally friendly waste processing technology is needed, such as a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biofilters using local materials. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale using an experimental method through variations in Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) for 4,8,16,20 and 24 hours. The results showed that MOL chicken manure contains bacteria of the genus Bacillus, such as B. tequilensis, B. velezensis, and B. amyloliquefaciens, which have the potential to degrade organic compounds. Although the manufactured bioactivator achieved COD acclimatization faster on day 3 than MOL and control (day 7), both showed the best HRT at 16 hours for anaerobic biofilters and HRT 12 hours for aerobic biofilters.
Keywords: Anaerobic-Aerobic Biofilter, Fish Cracker Industry Wastewater, Local Microorganisms (MOL), Chicken Manure

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