SIWIENDRAYANTI, Arum and Anggoro, Sutrisno and Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli (2025) STRATEGI KEBERHASILAN PRE-TAS FILARIASIS BERBASIS KARAKTERISTIK EKOSISTEM DI WILAYAH PESISIR UTARA JAWA TENGAH (Studi di Kabupaten Brebes dan Kota Pekalongan). Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Filariasis merupakan penyakit tropis terabaikan (NTDs) yang ditargetkan untuk dieliminasi oleh WHO pada tahun 2030. Jawa Tengah masih memiliki beberapa wilayah endemis, dengan peningkatan dari 2 wilayah pada 2010 menjadi 9 wilayah pada 2017, di mana sebagian besar merupakan daerah pesisir. Wilayah pesisir memiliki tantangan lingkungan seperti banjir rob, yang berpotensi meningkatkan perkembangbiakan nyamuk vektor filariasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi dalam menyiapkan penilaian pre-TAS (Transmission Assessment Survey) bagi wilayah endemis pesisir melalui penyusunan aspek kewaspadaan perairan, indeks kewaspadaan filariasis tingkat rumah tangga, dan indeks persiapan pre-TAS tingkat kabupaten/kota.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan semi mixed method dengan studi observasional lapangan. Studi kuantitatif meliputi analisis statistik terhadap kualitas lingkungan dan kepadatan vektor, serta analisis spasial menggunakan ArcGIS. Studi kualitatif dilakukan dengan desain studi kasus secara deskriptif. Kabupaten Brebes dan Kota Pekalongan dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian berdasarkan keberhasilan mereka dalam lulus pre-TAS setelah implementasi POPM (Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal) dengan jumlah putaran berbeda.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kasus filariasis ditemukan dalam radius 200 meter dari tempat potensial berkembang biaknya vektor, termasuk area banjir rob. Faktor lingkungan seperti kondisi mangrove, keberadaan sampah, dan pola osmoregulasi nyamuk secara signifikan mempengaruhi kepadatan larva Culex sp. Keberhasilan pre-TAS dipengaruhi oleh cakupan POPM >65%, strategi pengendalian vektor, dan kerja sama lintas sektor. Aspek kewaspadaan perairan, indeks kewaspadaan filariasis, dan indeks persiapan pre-TAS yang dikembangkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam strategi keberhasilan pre-TAS filariasis berbasis karakteristik ekosistem pesisir.
Kata kunci: eliminasi filariasis, kepadatan Culex sp., kerjasama lintas sektoral, pre-TAS, wilayah pesisir.

Filariasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) targeted for elimination by WHO by 2030. Central Java still has several endemic areas, with an increase from 2 regions in 2010 to 9 regions in 2017, most of which are coastal areas. Coastal areas have environmental challenges, such as tidal floods, which have the potential to increase the breeding of filariasis vector mosquitoes. This research aims to formulate a strategy for preparing a pre-TAS (Transmission Assessment Survey) assessment for coastal endemic areas by preparing water awareness aspects, a household-level filariasis awareness index, and a district/city-level pre-TAS preparation index.
This research uses a semi mixed-method approach with a field observational study. The quantitative study includes statistical analysis of environmental quality and vector density, as well as spatial analysis using ArcGIS. The qualitative study was carried out with a descriptive case study design. Brebes Regency and Pekalongan City were chosen as research locations based on their success in passing pre-TAS after implementing MDA (Mass Drug Administration) with different numbers of rounds.
The research results showed that filariasis cases were found within a 200-meter radius of potential vector breeding sites, including tidal flood areas. Environmental factors such as mangrove conditions, the presence of garbage, and mosquito osmoregulation patterns significantly influence the density of Culex sp larvae. The success of pre-TAS is influenced by MDA coverage >65%, vector control strategies, and cross-sector collaboration. The developed water alertness aspect, filariasis awareness index, and pre-TAS preparation index can be used as success pre-TAS filariasis strategies based on coastal ecosystem characteristics.
Keywords: coastal areas, elimination of filariasis, the density of Culex sp., pre-TAS, cross-sector collaboration

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