MENTARI, Refinda Juliant and Yulianto, Bambang and Rahadian, Rully (2025) KAJIAN KONTAMINASI AIR SUNGAI MEDURI OLEH LIMBAH BATIK DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH BATIK SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA SAMBOREJO, KECAMATAN TIRTO, KABUPATEN PEKALONGAN. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Batik merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia dan menjadi sektor penting dalam perekonomian nasional, salah satu daerah yang dikenal sebagai penghasil batik terbesar adalah Pekalongan. Namun, industri batik juga membawa dampak negatif bagi lingkungan, khususnya dalam bentuk pencemaran air sungai akibat limbah cair yang tidak dikelola. Diperlukan strategi pengelolaan limbah yang efektif dan berkelanjutan untuk menangani masalah ini. Berbagai penelitian sebelumnya telah meneliti pencemaran air akibat limbah batik di beberapa daerah, tetapi belum banyak yang secara khusus membahas strategi pengelolaan limbah skala rumah tangga berbasis partisipasi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Meduri, mengetahui persepsi pelaku usaha terhadap pengelolaan limbah, dan merumuskan strategi pengelolaan limbah batik skala rumah tangga yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kombinasi dengan metode pelaksanaan survei lapangan. Sampel air dan makrozoobentos diambil di 3 titik berdasarkan jaraknya dengan outlet limbah, dilakukan pengulangan pengambilan sampel sebanyak tiga kali di masing-masing stasiun. Sampel air diambil untuk analisis parameter fisika dan kimia. Sampel makrozoobentos dalam sedimen diambil dengan ekman grab untuk dihitung indeks keanekaragaman, indeks dominansi, dan indeks kemerataan. Kuesioner disebar kepada 31 pelaku usaha home industry batik. Wawancara dengan informan kunci, informan utama, dan informan pendukung dilakukan untuk merumuskan strategi. Perumusan strategi menggunakan metode SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Sungai Meduri di Desa Samborejo telah terkontamniasi limbah batik. Nilai TSS berkisar antara 136,67-215 mg/L, nilai DO berkisar antara 0,26-0,93 mg/L, nilai BOD berkisar antara 11,33-13,67 mg/L, nilai COD berkisar antara 72-76,67 mg/L, dan nilai Cr berkisar antara 0,083-0,1 mg/L. Terdapat dua genus makrozoobentos yang ditemukan di Sungai Meduri yaitu Bithynia dan Melanoides. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 0,49-0,67 (rendah), nilai indeks dominansi berkisar antara 0,52-0,68 (mengindiksikan adanya spesies yang mendominasi), nilai indeks kemerataan berkisar antara 0,23-0,32 (rendah). Semua home industry batik di Desa Samborejo tidak memiliki Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Sebagian besar pelaku usaha tidak memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara mengolah limbah yang benar, semua pelaku usaha menyadari bahwa limbah cair dari produksi batik berpotensi mencemari lingkungan sehingga memerlukan IPAL komunal. Sebagian besar pelaku usaha tidak tertarik menerapkan teknologi yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Strategi pengelolaan limbah batik home industry yang tepat adalah strategi WO (turnaround) dengan mengoptimalkan kerjasama dengan berbagai stakeholder untuk merancang pembangunan IPAL komunal, mengembangkan pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan melalui lewat edukasi dan pelatihan, serta melibatkan masyarakat dalam proses pemeliharaan lingkungan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi pelaku usaha dan pemerintah, serta dapat diterapkan untuk mendorong terciptanya industri batik yang berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: Limbah Batik, Pencemaran, Strategi Pengolahan Limbah

Batik is an Indonesian cultural heritage and an important sector in the national economy, one of the regencies known as the largest batik producer is Pekalongan. However, the batik industry also has negative impact on the environment such as river pollution due to untreated waste. An effective and sustainable waste management strategy is needed to address this problem. Previous studies have examined water pollution due to batik waste in several areas, but not many have specifically discussed household-scale waste management strategies based on community participation. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the water quality of the Meduri River, determine the perception of entrepreneurs towards waste processing, and formulate a more effective and sustainable household-scale batik waste management strategy. This study used combination method. Water and macrozoobenthos samples were taken at 3 stations based on their distance from the waste outlet, sampling was repeated three times at each station. Water samples were taken for analysis of physical and chemical parameters. Macrozoobenthos samples in sediment were taken with an ekman grab to calculate the diversity index, dominance index, and evenness index. Questionnaires distributed to 31 entrepreneurs. Interviews with key informants, primary informants, and supporting informants were conducted to formulate strategies. The strategy formulation used the SWOT method. The results showed that the Meduri River in Samborejo Village had been contaminated by batik waste. TSS values ranged from 136.67-215 mg/L, DO values ranged from 0.26-0.93 mg/L, BOD values ranged from 11.33-13.67 mg/L, COD values ranged from 72-76.67 mg/L, and Cr values ranged from 0.083-0.1 mg/L. There were two genus of macrozoobenthos found in the Meduri River, namely Bithynia and Melanoides. The diversity index value ranged from 0.49-0.67 (low), the dominance index value ranged from 0.52-0.68 (indicating the presence of dominant species), and the evenness index value ranged from 0.23-0.32 (low). All of batik home industries in Samborejo Village didn’t have Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Most entrepreneurs didn’t have knowledge on how to process waste properly, all entrepreneurs were aware that liquid waste from batik production has potential to pollute the environment so that it requires a communal WWTP. Most entrepreneurs were not interested in implementing environmentally friendly technology. The right strategy for managing home industry batik waste is the WO (turnaround) strategy by optimizing cooperation with various stakeholders to design the construction of communal WWTP, developing knowledge about management through education and training, and involving the community in the environmental maintenance process. This research is expected to be an evaluation material for entrepreneurs and the government, as well as creating an environmentally friendly batik industry.
Kata kunci: Batik Waste, Pollution, Waste Management Strategy

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