BURHANUDIN, Asep Yusup and Harmoko, Udi and Windarta, Jaka (2025) ANALISIS TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS MELALUI PEMODELAN DAN SIMULASI STEAM GATHERING SYSTEM (SGS) PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PANAS BUMI UNIT-X4 UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PEMBANGKITAN. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Penurunan tekanan, temperatur, dan aliran massa uap merupakan karakteristik alami yang sering terjadi di kawasan kerja geothermal, termasuk pada pembangkit PLTP Unit-X4 ini. Berdasarkan data dari exaquantum, terdapat penurunan pasokan uap yang menyebabkan pembangkitan netto mencapai beban minimum 54,7 MW, jika dibiarkan, kondisi ini berpotensi terkena Delivery or Pay (DOP), sedangkan hasil Unit Rated Capacity (URC) sebesar 60,854 MW sebagai dasar kontrak untuk penentuan DOP dan Take or Pay (TOP) antara kedua belah pihak. Perkiraan Potential Loss Opportunity (LPO) sebesar 48.518.136 KWh/tahun atau setara 4.977.961 USD/tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan pembangkitan Pembangkit Listrik Panas Bumi (PLTP) melalui pemodelan dan simulasi pada Steam Gathering System. Metode penilitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dimana data-data primer yang didapatkan di masukkan kedalam pemodelan dan simulasi Hysys V.14 dan selanjutnya di analisa baik secara teknis dan keekonomian. Berdasarkan rumusan masalah dan tujuan penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil pemodelan dan simulasi Steam Gathering System Existing menunjukkan deviasi yang tidak signifikan (≤ 2%) antara parameter aktual lapangan dan hasil simulasi Hysys V.14, sehingga simulasi tersebut valid dan layak dijadikan baseline untuk pemodelan selanjutnya, hasil Line Sizing menunjukkan bahwa steam velocity yang optimal pada pipa 12 inch dengan pressure drop 4,15 bara. Well head pressure 17 bara cukup untuk mengatasi overpressure 12%. Ukuran control valve 10” dan 12” memenuhi kriteria bukaan valve untuk flow 25%-100%, steam trap yang dipilih diameter 1 inch untuk kemudahan operasi dan pemeliharaan, hasil simulasi penambahan uap dari sumur K-21X ke PL-X05 menunjukkan bahwa pada 25% dan 50% penambahan uap, netto power masih di bawah URC 60.856 MW, sehingga kurang relevan. Namun, pada 75% dan 100% penambahan uap, netto power masing-masing mencapai 63,56 MW dan 66,36 MW, melebihi URC dan dapat diaplikasikan, analisis keekonomian menunjukkan simulasi 75% dan 100% paling menguntungkan, dengan BCR 2,82, PBP 0,15 tahun (53 hari), dan NPV USD 19.267.154. Simulasi 50% memiliki BCR sama dengan PBP dan NPV sedikit lebih rendah, meskipun ada deviasi kecil dalam produksi energi. Simulasi 25% memiliki BCR 2,73, PBP 0,28 tahun (101 hari), dan NPV USD 9.952.304, dengan deviasi lebih besar dalam produksi energi dan kerugian USD 2.357.130.
Kata Kunci: Geothermal, Steam Gathering System (SGS), Pemipaan, Pemodelan dan Simulasi

Reduced pressure, temperature and steam mass flow are natural characteristics that often occur in geothermal work areas, including at the Unit-X4 PLTP plant. Based on data from exaquantum, there is a decrease in steam supply which causes net generation to reach a minimum load of 54.7 MW. If left unchecked, this condition has the potential to be subject to Delivery or Pay (DOP), while the Unit Rated Capacity (URC) result is 60,854 MW as the basis for the contract for determining DOP and Take or Pay (TOP) between the two parties. The estimated Potential Loss Opportunity (LPO) is 48,518,136 KWh/year or the equivalent of 4,977,961 USD/year. This research aims to optimize the generation of Geothermal Power Plants (PLTP) through modeling and simulation on the Steam Gathering System. This research method uses a quantitative method where the primary data obtained is entered into Hysys V.14 modeling and simulation and then analyzed both technically and economically. Based on the problem formulation and research objectives, it can be concluded that the modeling and simulation results of the Existing Steam Gathering System show an insignificant deviation (≤ 2%) between the actual field parameters and the results of the Hysys V.14 simulation, so that the simulation is valid and worthy of being used as a baseline for further modeling. Line Sizing results show that steam velocity is optimal in a 12 inch pipe with a pressure drop of 4.15 bara. Well head pressure of 17 bara is enough to overcome 12% overpressure. The control valve sizes of 10" and 12" meet the valve opening criteria for a flow of 25% -100%, the steam trap chosen is 1 inch in diameter for ease of operation and maintenance. Simulation results of steam addition from the K-21X well to PL-X05 show that at 25% and 50% steam addition, the net power is still below URC 60,856 MW, so it is less relevant. However, at 75% and 100% steam addition, the net power reaches 63.56 MW and 66.36 MW respectively, exceeding the URC and being applicable, the economic analysis shows that the 75% and 100% simulations are the most profitable, with BCR 2.82, PBP 0.15 years (53 days), and NPV USD 19,267,154. The 50% simulation has the same BCR as PBP and slightly lower NPV, although there is a small deviation in energy production. The 25% simulation has a BCR of 2.73, PBP of 0.28 years (101 days), and NPV of USD 9,952,304, with a larger deviation in energy production and a loss of USD 2,357,130.
Keywords: Geothermal, Steam Gathering System (SGS), Piping, Modeling and Simulation

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