KRISTANTO, RACHEL ANGELIQUE and Samekto, F.X. Adji and Prabandari, Adya Paramita (2025) THE PROHIBITION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: THE IMPACT OF THERMOBARIC WEAPONS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND THE ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL IN PREVENTING CHEMICAL WARFARE. _007 HI 2025. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro.

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Abstract

War is the most severe form of human conflict and is frequently resolved through combat. Until now, wars are still ongoing, such as in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine which began on February 24, 2022. This conflict is rooted in the deteriorating relations between the two countries, with Ukraine increasingly moving closer to Western countries and seeking NATO assistance. As part of its military strategy, Russia uses thermobaric weapons, which, while not explicitly prohibited under international law, could constitute a war crime if used against civilians in populated areas, schools, or medical facilities under the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The global community has expressed concern regarding the utilization of chemical weapons, which creates a war crime that violates international law. Under international law, the United Nations Security Council has the right to prevent war and the use of excessive weapons and the impact on the environment. The use of chemical weapons in warfare is prohibited because of the horrific consequences they can cause. Everything in its path is consumed by intense heat, including people, buildings, trees and animals. It is important to consider the environmental and structural consequences of thermobaric weapons. Their impact on the environment reaches the point of total destruction. This research aims to understand the impact of employing thermobaric weapons in warfare on environmental quality on the Russia and Ukraine war and analyze what authority does the UN Security Council have to prevent the use of chemical weapon in warfare conflicts. This research uses the Doctrinal Research method, namely research that is sourced from written regulations or legal sources, with analytical descriptive specifications, using secondary data collected through
library research. The findings of this study are that thermobaric weapons have not been explicitly banned in any regulation or convention and pose a significant threat not only because of their capacity to cause massive destruction and human casualties, but also because of their severe and long-lasting impacts on the environment. The absence of restrictions on weapons does not imply legal permission to use them, and while international conventions are binding, their enforcement is complicated by state power dynamics, which makes international law ineffective in conflict. The UN Security Council holds significant powers to maintain peace but is legally constrained by Article 24 (2) of the UN Charter, which mandates adherence to the purposes and principles of the UN.
Keywords: The Use of Chemical Weapon, Russia-Ukraine War, UN Security Council Authority, Thermobaric Weapons, Environmental Quality

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