HARAHAP, ANNISA PERMATA SARI and Samekto, F.X. Adji and Prabandari, Adya Paramita (2025) THE LIABILITY OF SPACEX COMPANY TOWARDS THE SPACE DEBRIS CREATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. _004 HI 2025. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro.

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Abstract

In recent years, rapid advancements in space technology have led to a significant increase in spacecraft and satellite launches, resulting in the accumulation of space debris that remains in Earth’s orbit, with potential threats ranging from satellite collisions to uncontrolled re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. Employing a juridical-normative approach, this research analyzes how existing legal instruments—such as the Outer Space Treaty and the Liability Convention—address the issue of private companies’ liability in cases where its activities contribute to the creation of space debris. The findings indicate that although these international treaties establish fundamental principles for state responsibility and impose liability for damages caused by space objects, they fall short in addressing the complexities of private sector activities such as SpaceX in space. In particular, the study highlights critical gaps in the enforcement mechanisms and regulatory oversight related to the accountability of non-governmental actors like SpaceX. As space activities continue to expand, the study recommends enhancements to international legal frameworks and the development of more robust regulatory measures to ensure the sustainable use of outer space and to mitigate the risks associated with space debris. Furthermore, cooperative efforts among nations and private entities are necessary to ensure the sustainability of outer space. These contributions are
expected to inform future policy-making and academic discourse in international air and space law.
Keywords: Space Debris, State Liability, Sustainable Space Activities, SpaceX.

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