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PENGEMBANGAN MODEL AKSES STASIUN PENGISIAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK UMUM LINTAS OPERATOR MENGGUNAKAN KASKADE WEBSOCKET DAN OPEN CHARGE POINT PROTOCOL

PRIYASTA, Dwidharma and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Septiawan, Reza (2024) PENGEMBANGAN MODEL AKSES STASIUN PENGISIAN KENDARAAN LISTRIK UMUM LINTAS OPERATOR MENGGUNAKAN KASKADE WEBSOCKET DAN OPEN CHARGE POINT PROTOCOL. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Saat ini, di Indonesia belum terbangun sistem informasi terpadu berskala nasional untuk mendukung layanan pengisian daya kendaraan listrik lintas operator Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (SPKLU), yang dikenal sebagai EV roaming. Sistem ini membuat seorang pengemudi kendaraan listrik berbasis baterai hanya perlu terdaftar di satu operator SPKLU saja untuk menggunakan stasiun pengisian daya milik operator lain berdasarkan perjanjian di antara operator tersebut. Empat protokol yang banyak digunakan untuk EV roaming adalah Open Clearing House Protocol (OCHP), Open InterCharge Protocol (OICP), eMobility Inter-operation Protocol (eMIP), dan Open Charge Point Interface (OCPI).
Sementara itu, Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) adalah protokol yang secara de-facto digunakan di internal operator SPKLU untuk komunikasi antara stasiun pengisian daya dan sistem pusat, seperti dalam satu siklus pengisian daya kendaraan listrik. OCPP tersedia di berbagai produk stasiun pengisian daya yang ada saat ini. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan model akses SPKLU lintas operator (sistem EV roaming) berbasis OCPP, yang membuat operator SPKLU dapat menggunakan protokol yang sama, baik dalam komunikasi di internal operator SPKLU maupun dalam EV roaming di antara operator SPKLU. Sistem yang dikembangkan terdiri dari National Access Point, Central System, dan Charge Point, yang masing-masing merepresentasikan sebuah roaming hub, sistem pusat, dan stasiun pengisian daya kendaraan listrik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan meliputi kaskade WebSocket untuk menghubungkan Charge Point ke Central System hingga National Access Point, serta peningkatan fungsionalitas OCPP melalui pemanfaatan unit data protokol DataTransfer yang digunakan untuk mengemas (encapsulate) fungsi-fungsi yang dibutuhkan dalam EV roaming.
Kinerja sistem EV roaming yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini dievaluasi melalui simulasi berdasarkan lima skenario, dengan menggunakan model simulasi dan juga produk stasiun pengisian daya aktual, untuk memastikan bahwa sistem EV roaming tersebut dapat diterapkan dalam skenario dunia nyata. Skenario simulasi berfokus pada otorisasi pengguna dan penagihan, dengan masing-masing skenario memuat fungsionalitas dasar protokol EV roaming state-of-the-art. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa simulasi sukses dilakukan dan metode yang digunakan efektif, dengan kisaran waktu otorisasi pengguna antara 1,8 ms pada skenario yang paling sederhana hingga 170,4 ms pada skenario yang paling kompleks. Waktu otorisasi pengguna tersebut sesuai dengan ketentuan waktu respons sebuah sistem yang baik menurut beberapa penelitian, yang menetapkan paling lama dua detik sebagai batas psikologis. Hasil ini dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi berharga dalam membangun sistem informasi terpadu untuk EV roaming di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: sistem EV roaming, kaskade WebSocket, peningkatan fungsionalitas OCPP, simulasi

Currently, a nationwide integrated information system to support electric vehicle charging services between operators of Stasiun Pengisian Kendaraan Listrik Umum (SPKLU), known as EV roaming, has not yet been established in Indonesia. This system enables a battery-based electric vehicle driver to register with one SPKLU operator in order to use charging stations owned by other operators based on mutual agreements. There are four protocols commonly used for EV roaming, namely the Open Clearing House Protocol (OCHP), the Open InterCharge Protocol (OICP), the eMobility Inter-operation Protocol (eMIP), and the Open Charge Point Interface (OCPI).
Meanwhile, the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) is used internally by SPKLU operators as the standard protocol for communication between the charging station and the Central System, such as during a single charging cycle of an electric vehicle. OCPP is available in various charging station products today. Based on this fact, an inter-operator SPKLU access model (EV roaming system) based on OCPP was developed in this research. This system enables SPKLU operators to use the same protocol for both internal SPKLU operator communication and EV roaming between SPKLU operators. This system comprises the National Access Point, the Central System, and the Charge Point, each representing a roaming hub, a Central System, and an electric vehicle charging station, respectively. The methods used in the development include establishing a WebSocket cascade connection in order to link the Charge Point with the Central System up to the National Access Point and enhancing OCPP functionality through the utilization of the DataTransfer protocol data unit in order to encapsulate required functions for EV roaming.
The performance of the EV roaming system developed in this research was evaluated through simulations based on five given scenarios, using both simulation models and actual charging station products to ensure its feasibility in real-world scenarios. The simulation scenarios focus on user authorization and billing, with each scenario embodying the basic functionalities of state-of-the-art EV roaming protocols. The results show that the simulations were conducted successfully and the applied methods were effective, with user authorization time varying from 1.8 ms for the simplest scenario to 170.4 ms for the most complex scenario. These user authorization times align with the response time requirements of a robust system, as indicated by some studies that have set two seconds as the psychological limit. These results can serve as a valuable reference in building an integrated information system for EV roaming in Indonesia.
Keywords: EV roaming system, WebSocket cascade connection, enhancing OCPP functionality, simulation

Item Type: Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords: sistem EV roaming, kaskade WebSocket, peningkatan fungsionalitas OCPP, simulasi
Subjects: Sciences and Mathemathic
Divisions: Postgraduate Program > Doctor Program in Information System
Depositing User: ekana listianawati
Date Deposited: 27 Dec 2024 07:23
Last Modified: 27 Dec 2024 07:23
URI: https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/28667

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