SETYANINGSIH, Wahyu and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Putranto, Thomas Triadi (2024) SEBARAN GEOSPASIAL MIKROPLASTIK PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) GARANG KOTA SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Pengelolaan sampah yang buruk menyebabkan masuknya sampah plastik kedalam sistem air tanah dan air permukaan di DAS Garang padahal DAS Garang merupakan sumber air baku PDAM Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan sampah oleh masyarakat; menganalisis kelimpahan, komposisi dan morfologi mikroplastik pada sistem air permukaan dan air tanah serta sebaran geospasial mikroplastik di DAS Garang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Populasinya berupa area DAS Garang dan masyarakat yang tinggal di 4 Sub DAS Garang. Pengelolaan sampah skala rumah tangga dan RT/RW di DAS Garang masih rendah. Mayoritas masyarakat tidak melakukan pengurangan, pemilahan dan daur ulang sampah tetapi dibakar, ditimbun atau dibuang ke sungai. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut aspek dukungan finansial, operasional dan partisipasi masyarakat harus ditingkatkan. Mikroplastik ditemukan dengan kelimpahan rata-rata 49,5-88,25 n/lt pada air sungai dan di sedimen 2.558-6.574 n/kg. Kelimpahan mikroplastik dalam air tanah rata-rata 30-44 n/lt dan 77-117 n/kg di sedimen sumur. Mikroplastik dominan berukuran ≤1000 µm (MMP), berbentuk fiber dan komposisi PP. Sebaran geospasial mikroplastik di DAS Garang berpola random. Pengelolaan sampah tingkat rumah tangga tidak mempengaruhi kelimpahan mikroplastik dalam air sungai, air tanah dan sedimen sumur. Aspek teknik operasional, pembiayaan dan peran serta masyarakat berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air sungai dan sedimen sungai. Kepadatan bangunan yang tinggi menyebabkan tingginya kelimpahan mikroplastik dalam air sungai. Semakin tinggi elevasi, maka kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air sungai semakin rendah. Sumber mikroplastik diperkirakan merupakan mikroplastik sekunder yang berasal dari kegiatan anthropogenik di sepanjang DAS Garang sehingga untuk meminimalisisr meningkatnya pencemaran mikroplastik dalam sistem air dibutuhkan upaya pengelolaan sampah yang lebih baik pada tingkat RT/RW.
Kata Kunci : DAS Garang, sebaran geospasial, mikroplastik

Poor waste management causes plastic waste to enter the groundwater and surface air systems in the Garang Watershed even though the Garang Watershed is the raw water source for the regional drinking water company in Semarang City. This research aims to determine the waste management by the community; analyzing the disclosure, composition and morphology of microplastics in surface water and groundwater systems as well as the geospatial distribution of microplastics in Garang Watershed. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with survey methods. The population consists of the Garang watershed area and people living in the 4 Garang sub-watersheds. Household and neighborhood scale waste management in Garang watershed is still low. The majority of people do not reduce, sort and recycle waste, but burn it, pile it on the ground or throw the waste into rivers. To overcome this, financial support, operations and community participation need to be increased. Microplastics were found at an average of 49.5-88.25 n/lt in river water and 2,558-6,574 n/kg in sediment. The abundance of microplastics in groundwater averaged 30-44 n/lt and 77-117 n/kg in well sediment. The dominant microplastics are ≤1000 µm (MMP), fibrous, and PP composition. The geospatial distribution of microplastics in the Garang watershed has a random pattern. Household waste management does not affect microplastics in river water, groundwater and well sediments. Aspects of operational techniques, funding and community participation simultaneously influence microplastics in river water and river sediment. The higher of buildings density cause the higher abundance of microplastics in river water. The higher of river elevation cause the lower of abundance microplastics in river water. The source of microplastics is estimated to be secondary microplastics from anthropogenic activities throughout the Garang watershed, so better neighborhood waste management efforts are needed to minimize the increasing of microplastics pollution in water systems.
Keywords: Garang watershed, geospatial distribution, microplastics

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