RAHMAWATI, Laily Agustina and Afiati, Norma and Putranto, Thomas Triadi (2024) STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN TAMBANG MINYAK TRADISIONAL DI KAWASAN GEOSITE WONOCOLO GEOPARK BOJONEGORO. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi pengelolaan lingkungan bagi Kawasan Geosite Wonocolo berdasarkan analisis kualitas air sungai berdasarkan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos, kualitas tanah berdasarkan struktur komunitas makrofauna, kualitas udara ambien, serta kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya (sosekbud). Strategi pengelolaan disusun menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan strategi prioritas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengelolaan lingkungan diperioritaskan pada aspek Sosekbud (bobot 0,9763), diikuti Air Sungai (bobot 0,0134), Tanah (bobot 0,0087), dan Udara (bobot 0,0015). Strategi prioritas untuk aspek Sosekbud adalah peningkatan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) masyarakat lokal dan rekonstruksi Wisata Tambang Minyak Tradisional Wonocolo. Untuk aspek Air Sungai, strategi meliputi pengembangan Sungai Wonocolo sebagai objek riset dan pusat pembelajaran Fosil Foraminifera. Pada aspek Tanah, strategi prioritas adalah reboisasi hutan gundul dan remediasi tanah tercemar limbah minyak bumi. Sementara itu, strategi untuk aspek Udara mencakup penanaman pohon penyerap karbon dan semak penyerap bau. Penambangan minyak tradisional di Wonocolo berdampak pada rendahnya indeks keanekaragaman hayati (H’) makrozoobentos di Sungai Wonocolo, dengan nilai H’ < 2, menunjukkan kondisi sungai tercemar sedang hingga berat. Kualitas tanah juga terganggu dengan rendahnya indeks keanekaragaman hayati (H’) makrofauna, terutama di area kategori rapat (H’=1,28), serta dominansi ordo Hymenoptera mengindikasikan tercemar minyak bumi. Kualitas udara ambien di Wonocolo masih sesuai baku mutu lingkungan. Dampak terhadap sosekbud menunjukkan bahwa penambangan minyak tradisional mempengaruhi 20 dari 31 variabel sosekbud (6 berupa dampak positif dan 14 berupa dampak negatif). Pengelolaan lingkungan harus dimulai dengan menumbuhkan kesadaran lingkungan masyarakat melalui edukasi lingkungan, untuk menumbuhkan tindakan pro-lingkungan.
Kata Kunci: strategi_pengelolaan; Geopark; wonocolo; makrozoobentos; makrofauna

This research aims to develop an environmental management strategy for the Wonocolo Geosite Area based on analysis of river water quality based on macrozoobenthos community structure, soil quality based on macrofauna community structure, ambient air quality, as well as social, economic and cultural conditions (sosekbud). Management strategies are prepared using SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine priority strategies. The research results show that environmental management is prioritized in the Social and Cultural aspects (weight 0.9763), followed by River Water (weight 0.0134), Land (weight 0.0087), and Air (weight 0.0015). The priority strategy for the Social and Cultural aspects is improving the quality of Human Resources (HR) of local communities and reconstructing the Wonocolo Traditional Oil Mine Tourism. For the River Water aspect, the strategy includes developing the Wonocolo River as a research object and learning center for Foraminifera Fossils. In the Land aspect, the priority strategy is reforestation of deforested forests and remediation of land contaminated with petroleum waste. Meanwhile, strategies for the Air aspect include planting carbon-absorbing trees and odor-absorbing shrubs. Traditional oil mining in Wonocolo has an impact on the low biodiversity index (H') of macrozoobenthos in the Wonocolo River, with an H' value < 2, indicating the river is moderately to heavily polluted. Soil quality is also disturbed by the low biodiversity index (H') of macrofauna, especially in dense category areas (H'=1.28), as well as the dominance of the Hymenoptera order indicating that it is contaminated with petroleum. Ambient air quality in Wonocolo still meets environmental quality standards. The impact on social and cultural affairs shows that traditional oil mining influences 20 of the 31 social and cultural variables (6 in the form of positive impacts and 14 in the form of negative impacts). Environmental management must start by raising people's environmental awareness through environmental education, to foster pro-environmental actions.
Keywords: management_strategy; Geoparks; wonocolo; macrozoobenthos; macrofauna

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