HARDYANTI, Nurandani and Susanto, Heru and Budihardjo, Mochamad Arief (2024) OPTIMASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAHU SECARA TERINTEGRASI. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Air limbah industri tahu yang dibuang tanpa pengolahan dapat berakibat pada pencemaran badan air. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sistem pengolahan yang secara terintegrasi supaya air limbah industri tahu tidak mencemari lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis karakteristik air limbah industri tahu dari beberapa jenis kedelai pada proses pembuatan tahu, mengkaji efisiensi kinerja proses adsorpsi, oksidasi Fenton, serta sistem secara terintegrasi adsorpsi - membran ultrafiltrasi dan Fenton – membran ultrafiltrasi dari dosis optimum untuk mengolah air limbah industri tahu menjadi bahan baku air bersih. Metode adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben silika dan granular activated carbon (GAC) dengan ukuran 80, 100, 120, dan 200 mesh dengan variasi massa 5 g; 7,5 g; dan 10 g. Air limbah industri tahu diolah menggunakan metode Fenton dengan cara menambahkan FeSO4·7H2O dan H2O2. Varian H2O2, yaitu 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L dan FeSO4: 1 g, 3 g, 5 g, dan 10 g. Penggunaan membran ultrafiltrasi digunakan untuk menyisihkan polutan yang belum tersisihkan pada proses sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik awal air limbah industri tahu bervariasi tergantung pada jenis kedelai yang digunakan dalam proses produksi, serta tahap proses produksi. Efisiensi penyisihan air limbah industri tahu menggunakan adsorben silika berhasil menyisihkan COD, BOD, kekeruhan, dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 10,17%; 16,97%; 19,05%; dan 9,56%. Efisiensi penyisihan air limbah industri tahu menggunakan granular activated carbon berhasil menyisihkan COD, BOD, kekeruhan, dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 9,99%; 6,9%; 74,96%; dan 34,44%. Efisiensi penyisihan air limbah industri tahu menggunakan Fenton dari hasil tahap 2 berhasil menyisihkan COD, BOD, dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 37,4%; 36,6% dan 85,5%. Efisiensi penyisihan air limbah industri tahu menggunakan aplikasi membran ultrafiltrasi berhasil menyisihkan COD, BOD, kekeruhan, dan TSS masing-masing sebesar 34,6%; 33,3%; 99,7%; dan 75,4%. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penilaian kelayakan ekonomi didasarkan pada perhitungan BCR, NPV, dan IRR. Berdasarkan perhitungan pada pembangunan instalasi pengolahan air limbah industri tahu dengan adsorpsi silika dan Fenton dinilai layak secara ekonomi dengan dilakukan.
Kata Kunci: Air limbah industri tahu, adsorpsi, Fenton, membran ultrafiltrasi

Tofu wastewater without treatment can result in pollution of water bodies. Therefore, an integrated processing system is needed so that tofu waste water does not pollute the environment. This research aimed to analyze the characteristics of tofu wastewater from several types of soybeans in the tofu-making process, to examine the performance efficiency of the adsorption process, Fenton oxidation, as well as the integrated system of adsorption - ultrafiltration membrane and Fenton - ultrafiltration membrane at the optimum dose for processing tofu wastewater. The adsorption method used silica and granular activated carbon (GAC) with sizes of 80, 100, 120, and 200 mesh with a mass variation of 5, 7.5, and 10 grams. Tofu wastewater was processed using the Fenton method by adding FeSO4·7H2O and H2O2. The variations in the Fenton process were H2O2, namely 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L and FeSO4, by 1 g, 3 g, 5 g, and 10 g. Ultrafiltration membranes were used to remove pollutants which were not reduced in the previous process. The research results showed that the initial characteristics of tofu wastewater vary depending on the type of soybean used in the production process, as well as the stage of the production process. The efficiency of tofu wastewater treatment using silica adsorption in removing COD, BOD, turbidity and TSS were 10,17%; 16,97%; 19.05%; and 9,56%, respectively. The efficiency of reducing tofu wastewater using granular activated carbon in COD, BOD, turbidity and TSS were 9,99%; 6,9%; 74,96%; 34,44%. The efficiency of tofu wastewater tratment using Fenton from the results of stage 2 were COD, BOD and TSS each by 37,4%; 36,6% and 85,5% respectively. The ultrafiltration membrane application removed COD, BOD, turbidity and TSS by 34.6%, 33.3%, 99.7%, and 75.4%. In this study, an economic feasibility assessment was carried out based on the calculation of BCR, NPV, and IRR. Based on calculations on the construction of waste water treatment plant for tofu industry with silica adsorption and Fenton is considered economically feasible apllied.
Keywords: Tofu wastewater, adsorption, Fenton, ultrafiltration membrane

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