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KARAKTERISASI PEMBAKARAN DAN AGLOMERASI LIMBAH BIOMASSA KELAPA SAWIT PADA TUNGKU FLUIDIZED BED

CHAERUNI, Wiwie and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Cahyadi, Cahyadi (2024) KARAKTERISASI PEMBAKARAN DAN AGLOMERASI LIMBAH BIOMASSA KELAPA SAWIT PADA TUNGKU FLUIDIZED BED. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Potensi limbah biomassa di Indonesia adalah limbah kelapa sawit dimana setiap tahunnya produksi kelapa sawit semakin meningkat yang berakibat limbahnya akan meningkat pula. Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai bahan bakar dilakukan pengujian karakteristik bahan bakar secara Low Heating Rate dengan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) dan Differential Thermal Analyzer (DTA) dan high heating rate menggunakan tungku fluidisasi simulator dan untuk menggurangi adanya aglomerasi pada pembakaran dilakukan penambahan additive CaCO3. Pengujian secara low heating rate dengan memasukan sampel pada alat TG – DTA dengan variasi laju pemanasan dan ukuran partikel. laju pemanasan yang digunakan sebesar 10 °C, 20 °C, dan 30 °C sedangkan untuk variasi ukuran partikel sebesar untuk ukuran 126 - 250 µm, 125-74 µm, dan < 74 µm. Pembakaran TKKS secara high heating rate dengan tungku fluidized bed simulator dengan bahan bakar TKKS dan Batubara pada tungku fluidized bed simulator sampai temperatur tungku bed tercapai. Pada pembakaran batubara temperatur bed dapat tercapai 800 – 900 °C sedangkan TKKS temperature bed hanya tercapai 600 °C. Kondisi operasi yang digunakan pada PLTU temperature yang diinginkan sekitar 800 – 900 °C, jika TKKS dilakukan pembakaran sampai temperatur 800 – 900 °C maka berpotensi terjadinya aglomerasi. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan penambahan additive CaCO3 dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, dan 30% untuk mengurangi terbentuknya aglomerasi. Hasil low heating rate diperoleh bahwa TKKS terdiri dari hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin. Reaktivitas pembakaran TKKS meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan laju pemanasan, sedangkan reaktivitas dengan variasi ukuran tidak terlalu signifikan. Penambahan TKKS ke batubara meningkatkan reaktivitas pembakaran dan hasil low heating rate (TG-DTA) diperoleh energi aktivasi batubara dan TKKS antara batubara diperoleh 49,57 kJ/Mol dan TKKS sebesar 31,94 kJ/Mol. Untuk hasil pembakaran secara high heating rate dalam tungku fluidisasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan CaCO3 khususnya 20% menghasilkan sedikit pembentukan aglomerasi. Penambahan CaCO3 20% merupakan pilihan terbaik untuk menjaga suhu pembakaran di bed dan meminimalkan terbentuknya aglomerasi,
Kata kunci: TKKS, Batubara, Pembakaran, TG- DTA, Fluidized Bed Simulator

The potential for biomass waste in Indonesia is palm oil waste, where every year palm oil production increases, which results in the waste also increasing. The use of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as fuel is carried out by testing the characteristics of the fuel using a Low Heating Rate using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Thermal Analyzer (DTA) and high heating rate using a fluidization furnace simulator and to reduce the presence of agglomeration during combustion, additional CaCO3 additive. Low heating rate testing by inserting the sample into the TG – DTA with variations in heating rate and particle size. The heating rates used were 10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C, while the particle size variations were 126 - 250 µm, 125-74 µm, and < 74 µm. Combustion of EFB at a high heating rate with a fluidized bed simulator furnace with EFB and coal in the fluidized bed simulator furnace until the furnace bed temperature is achieved. In coal combustion, the bed temperature can be adjusted to 800 - 900°C, while for EFB the bed temperature can only be adjusted to 600°C. The operating condition used in PLTU is that the desired temperature is around 800 - 900°C. If EFB is burned at a temperature of 800 - 900 ° C, it has the potential for agglomeration. In this study, CaCO3 additives with concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% were also added to reduce the formation of agglomeration. Low heating rate results show that EFB consists of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The combustion reactivity of TKS increases with increasing heating rate, while the reactivity with size variations is not very significant. The addition of EFB to coal increases combustion reactivity and the results of low heating rate (TG-DTA) obtained coal activation energy and EFB between coal obtained 49.57 kJ/Mol and TKKS of 31.94 kJ/Mol. For high heating rate combustion results in a fluidization furnace, it shows that the addition of CaCO3, especially 20%, results in little agglomeration formation. The addition of 20% CaCO3 is the best choice to maintain the combustion temperature in the bed and minimize the formation of agglomeration.
Keywords: EFB, Coal, Combustion, TG-DTA, Fluidized Bed Simulator

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: TKKS, Batubara, Pembakaran, TG- DTA, Fluidized Bed Simulator
Subjects: Sciences and Mathemathic
Divisions: Postgraduate Program > Master Program in Energy
Depositing User: ekana listianawati
Date Deposited: 03 Dec 2024 09:10
Last Modified: 03 Dec 2024 09:10
URI: https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/27786

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