ISMI, Nopri and Purnaweni, Hartuti and Yusuf, Muh (2024) ANALISIS SITUS SAKRAL ALAMI SUKU MAPUR UNTUK KONSERVASI ALAM DI PULAU BANGKA (STUDI KASUS HUTAN LARANGAN GUNUNG CUNDONG). Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.
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Abstract
Hutan larangan Gunung Cundong dengan luas sekitar 320 hektare merupakan salah satu Situs Sakral Alami Suku Mapur di Pulau Bangka, dan sedang terancam di tengah upaya konservasi pemerintah yang belum efektif, serta berbagai persoalan lingkungan hidup yang sedang dihadapi di Provinsi Kepulaun Bangka Belitung. Penelitian semi kualitatif ini menggunakan data primer dari hasil wawancara semi terstruktur, obervasi, dokumentasi, dan beberapa data kuantiatif dari sumber sekunder (jurnal, buku, dokumen dsb.) yang mendukung data kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama kurang lebih enam bulan (Agustus 2023-Januari 2024), dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Menggunakan seperangkat variabel (RS, RU, S, A, GS, dan ECO) dari kerangka analisis sistem sosial-ekologi Ostrom, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi fisik hutan larangan Gunung Cundong (RS dan RU), faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terancamnya hutan larangan Gunung Cundong (S, GS, A, RS, RU, ECO) serta dinamika tata kelola hutan larangan Gunung Cundong (S, GS, A, RS, RU). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kondisi fisik hutan larangan Gunung merupakan hutan primer dengan Keutuhan Keanekaragaman Hayati atau Biodiversity Intactness (BI) pada persentase 90 persen hingga 100 persen. Hal ini mendukung jasa ekosistem berupa sumber mata air yang dijaga dengan sakralisai ‘tumbek’ (kepala air) oleh Suku Mapur. Hutan larangan Gunung Cundong juga memiliki tumbuhan dan satwa bernilai budaya hingga spiritual bagi Suku Mapur. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terancamnya hutan larangan Gunung Cundong adalah; 1) Perubahan sosial ekonomi yang didorong oleh berbagai kebijakan pemerintah, sehingga memicu berbagai aktivitas ekstraktif, seperti penambanagn timah, hingga penebangan liar, 2) Konversi lahan di wilayah adat Suku Mapur menjadi lahan perkebunan skala besar, pertambangan, hingga adanya ribuan izin konsesi perusahaan di wilayah adat Suku Mapur, termasuk di dalam kawasan hutan larangan Gunung Cundong, dan 3) Faktor lingkungan berupa perubahan musim yang dirasakan masyarakat Suku Mapur yang berdampak pada penurunan hasil padi ladang, hingga memaksa Suku Mapur untuk membuka ladang atau kebun di dekat hutan larangan Gunung Cundong, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap potensi erosi di sekitar hutan larangan Gunung Cundong. Dinamika tata kelola hutan larangan Gunung Cundong berawal dari sakralisasi yang sudah berjalan selama ratusan tahun, menuju desakralisasi karena perubahan sosial, ekonomi-politik serta hak kepemilikan, dan akhirnya menjadi resakralisasi melalui berbagai upaya perlindungan, penetapan, pengakuan dan perlindungan kembali wilayah dan hutan adat Suku Mapur.
Kata kunci: Sistem Sosial Ekologi, Suku Mapur, Konservasi, Situs Sakral Alami, Keanekaragaman Hayati
The Gunung Cundong forbidden forest with an area of around 320 hectares is one of the Sacred Natural Sites of the Mapur Tribe on Bangka Island, and is being threatened amidst ineffective government conservation efforts, as well as various environmental problems being faced in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. This semi-qualitative research uses primary data from the results of semi-structured interviews, observations, documentation, and some quantitative data from secondary sources (journals, books, documents, etc.) that support the qualitative data. This research was carried out for approximately six months (August 2023-January 2024), using the case study method. Using a set of variables (RS, RU, S, A, GS, and ECO) from Ostrom's socio-ecological system analysis framework, this study aims to analyze the physical condition of Gunung Cundong forbidden forest (RS and RU), the factors that cause the Gunung Cundong forbidden forest to be threatened (S, GS, A, RS, RU, ECO) as well as the dynamics of Gunung Cundong forbidden forest management (S, GS, A, RS, RU). The research results show that the physical condition of the Gunung Cundong prohibited forest is primary forest with Biodiversity Intactness (BI) at a percentage of 90 percent to 100 percent. This supports ecosystem services in the form of springs which are guarded by sacred 'tumbek' (water heads) by the Mapur Tribe. The Gunung Cundong prohibited forest also has plants and animals with cultural and spiritual value for the Mapur Tribe. The factors causing the threat of the Gunung Cundong forbidden forest are; 1) Socio-economic changes driven by various government policies, thus triggering various extractive activities, such as tin mining and illegal logging, 2) Conversion of land in the Mapur tribe's traditional territory into large-scale plantation land, mining, and the existence of thousands of company concession permits in the traditional territory of the Mapur Tribe, including within the Gunung Cundong forbidden forest area, and 3) Environmental factors in the form of seasonal changes felt by the Mapur Tribe community which has an impact on decreasing rice yields, forcing the Mapur Tribe to open fields or gardens near the Gunung Cundong forbidden forest, thus affecting the potential for erosion around the Gunung Cundong forbidden forest. The dynamics of Mount Cundong's prohibited forest management started from sacralization which has been going on for hundreds of years, to desacralization due to social, economic-political changes and ownership rights, and finally to resacralization through various efforts to protect, establish, recognize.
Keywords: Social Ecological System, Mapur Tribe, Conservation, Sacred Natural Sites, Biodiversity
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Sistem Sosial Ekologi, Suku Mapur, Konservasi, Situs Sakral Alami, Keanekaragaman Hayati |
| Subjects: | Sciences and Mathemathic |
| Divisions: | Postgraduate Program > Master Program in Environmental Science |
| Depositing User: | ekana listianawati |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Nov 2024 08:24 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Nov 2024 08:24 |
| URI: | https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/27454 |
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