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KARAKTERISTIK FISIKA DAN KIMIA BIO-KALSIUM BERBASIS ALGA HIJAU Halimeda opuntia YANG DIEKSTRAK MENGGUNAKAN ASAM KLORIDA (23dt454)

NIRWASITA, RANIA SAHYA (2023) KARAKTERISTIK FISIKA DAN KIMIA BIO-KALSIUM BERBASIS ALGA HIJAU Halimeda opuntia YANG DIEKSTRAK MENGGUNAKAN ASAM KLORIDA (23dt454). Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK
(Rania Sahya Nirwasita. 26060119140080. Karakteristik Fisika dan Kimia
Bio-Kalsium Berbasis Alga Hijau Halimeda opuntia yang Diekstrak Menggunakan
Asam Klorida. Ima Wijayanti dan Apri Dwi Anggo).
Halimeda opuntia merupakan salah satu jenis makroalga yang
pemanfaatannya masih sangat terbatas. Peran H. opuntia di laut bebas adalah untuk
menyerap karbon dioksida (CO2) dan akan diubah menjadi kalsium karbonat
(CaCO3). Analisis kandungan kalsium pada H. opuntia menunjukkan hasil yang
cukup tinggi, yaitu 30,30%. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui karakteristik fisika dan kimia kalsium dari alga hijau H. opuntia
melalui penggunaan konsentrasi asam klorida (HCl) yang berbeda saat proses
ekstraksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah experimental
laboratories dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan perbedaan
konsentrasi HCl 1 N, 2 N, dan 3 N sebagai perlakuan. Pelaksanaan penelitian
meliputi pengeringan I, penghalusan I, ekstraksi, penyaringan, presipitasi,
netralisasi, pengeringan II, penghalusan II, dan pengayakan. Hasil ekstraksi
kemudian diuji nilai rendemen, kadar kalsium, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak,
kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, warna, ukuran partikel, Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM), dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Data parametrik diolah
menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada
perangkat lunak SPSS 16. Perbedaan konsentrasi HCl berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05)
terhadap kadar abu, kadar karbohidrat, SEM, lightness (L*), yellowness atau
blueness (b*), ΔE, dan whiteness index (WI) dengan hasil terbaik pada kalsium
yang diekstrak dengan HCl 1 N (KH1). Hasil analisis kadar abu dan karbohidrat,
pada KH1 masing-masing menunjukkan nilai 91,95±0,47% dan 7,26±0,57%. Nilai
L*, b*, ΔE, dan WI pada KH1 berturut-turut adalah 86,21±0,83, 8,81±0,02,
11,33±0,54, dan 83,62±0,70%. Analisis mikrostruktur yang dilakukan melalui
SEM menunjukkan permukaan tidak berpori dan bentuk kubus yang tidak
menggumpal pada KH1. Berdasarkan analisis XRD, penggunaan konsentrasi HCl
yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh terhadap pola difraktogram dari kalsium, namun
seluruh pola difraktogram kalsium H. opuntia memiliki kesamaan dengan CaCO3.
Kata kunci: asam klorida, ekstraksi, Halimeda opuntia, kalsium karbonat

ABSTRACT
(Rania Sahya Nirwasita. 26060119140080. Physical and Chemical
Characteristics of Bio-Calcium Obtained from Green Algae Halimeda opuntia
Extracted Using Hydrochloric Acid. Ima Wijayanti and Apri Dwi Anggo).
Halimeda opuntia is one of the macroalgae species which utilization is still
slightly known. In the open sea H. opuntia holds an important role in absorbing
carbon dioxide (CO2), changing it into calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Previous study
mentioned that H. opuntia contains quite high calcium which is 30,30%. This
research aimed to observe the physical and chemical characteristics of calcium
obtained from H. opuntia extracted using different hydrochloric acid (HCl)
concentrations. The method used in this research was experimental laboratories
with completely randomized design (CRD) using different HCl concentrations,
which were 1 N, 2 N, and 3 N as the treatment. The calcium extraction process of
H. opuntia was drying I, grinding I, extraction, filtration, precipitation,
neutralization, drying II, grinding II, and sieving. The results of extraction were
then analyzed based on yield value, calcium content, moisture content, ash content,
lipid content, protein content, carbohydrate content, color, particle size, Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Data were then
analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Honestly Significant Difference
(HSD) on SPSS 16. The use of different HCl concentrations gave a significant effect
(P<0,05) on ash content, carbohydrate content, SEM, lightness (L*), yellowness or
blueness (b*), ΔE, and whiteness index (WI) in which calcium extracted by 1 N HCl
(KH1) had the best result. The ash, carbohydrate contained in KH1 were
91,95±0,47%, 7,26±0,57% respectively. The value of L*, b*, ΔE, and WI were
86,21±0,83, 8,81±0,02, 11,33±0,54, and 83,62±0,70% consecutively. The
microstructural had been done by SEM showed non-porous surface and single
cubical shape on KH1. Based on the analysis using XRD, different use of HCl
concentrations did not affect the diffractogram pattern. However, all of the
extracted H. opuntia calcium’s pattern referred to the pattern of CaCO3.
Keywords: calcium carbonate, extraction, Halimeda opuntia, hydrochloric acid

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: asam klorida, ekstraksi, Halimeda opuntia, kalsium karbonat, calcium carbonate, extraction, Halimeda opuntia, hydrochloric acid
Subjects: Fisheries And Marine Sciences
Divisions: Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences > Department of Fishery Products Technology
Depositing User: pancasila wati
Date Deposited: 21 May 2024 04:23
Last Modified: 21 May 2024 04:23
URI: https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/23025

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