TAUFIQURRAHMAN, Asa and Sutanto, Heri and Suedy, Sri Widodo Agung (2023) RANCANG BANGUN LOW-COST SOLAR DRYER UNTUK PRODUKSI SUN DRIED GUAVA. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Jambu kristal (Psidium guajava) merupakan komoditas yang banyak dibudidayakan di Kebumen. Diperlukan inovasi untuk meningkatkan nilai jualnya, salah satunya dengan memproduksi jambu kristal kering. Produksi jambu kristal kering dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan pengering tenaga surya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan dan pengujian alat pengering surya murah untuk produksi jambu kristal kering. Bahan utama yang digunakan adalah kayu, pipa alumunium, alumunium foil sebagai kolektor surya, dan panel surya untuk menyuplai listrik kipas DC, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi pengeringan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi radiasi matahari, kecepatan angin rata-rata, suhu lingkungn, suhu kolektor surya, suhu ruang pengeringan, suhu output solar dryer, dan perubahan massa objek setiap 1 jam. Setelah dilakukan analisis energi didapatkan hasil bahwa pada Forced Convection Solar Dryer (FCSD) efisiensi kolektor rata-rata, efisiensi pengeringan, dan konsumsi energi spesifik masing-masing adalah 73%, 8,84%, dan 11,4 Wh/gram, sedangkan pada Natural Convection Solar Dryer (NCSD) 42%, 4,61%, dan 14,4 Wh/gram. Selain itu, pada penelitian ini kadar air jambu yang awalnya 85%, menurun menjadi 10,73% untuk FCSD dan 25,05% untuk NCSD. Pengujian pada FCSD menghasilkan produk sun dried guava yang memiliki kandungan vitamin C 499,26 mg/100gr hingga 509,19mg /100gr. Low-cost solar dryer dengan metode FCSD dapat menjaga kadar vitamin C dan kualitas warna dibandingkan pengeringan secara langsung. Payback period proyek ini diperkirakan 1,83 tahun, sehingga low-cost solar dryer yang telah dirancang dapat menjadi rekomendasi alat pengolahan pasca panen jambu kristal bagi petani jambu kristal atau UMKM.
Kata kunci: Jambu Kristal, Solar Dryer, Forced Convection, Efisiensi Pengeringan

Crystal guava (Psidium guajava) is a commodity that is widely cultivated in Kebumen. Innovation is needed to increase its selling value, one of which is by producing dried crystal guava. Production of dried crystal guava can be achieved using a solar powered dryer. In this research, a cheap solar dryer was designed and tested for the production of dried crystal guava. The main materials used are wood, aluminum pipe, aluminum foil as a solar collector, and solar panels to supply DC fan electricity, thereby increasing drying efficiency. The variables observed include solar radiation, average wind speed, environmental temperature, solar collector temperature, drying room temperature, solar dryer output temperature, and changes in object mass every 1 hour. After carrying out energy analysis, the results showed that in the Forced Convection Solar Dryer (FCSD) the average collector efficiency, drying efficiency and specific energy consumption were 73%, 8.84% and 11,4 Wh/gram respectively, whereas in Natural Convection Solar Dryer (NCSD) 42%, 4.61%, and 14,4 Wh/gram. Apart from that, in this study the guava water content, which was initially 85%, decreased to 10.73% for FCSD and 25.05% for NCSD. Testing at FCSD resulted in a sun dried guava product which had a vitamin C content of 499.26 mg/100gr to 509.19mg/100gr. Low-cost solar dryers using the FCSD method can maintain vitamin C levels and color quality compared to direct drying. The payback period for this project is estimated to be 1.83 years, so the low-cost solar dryer that has been designed can be a recommended tool for post-harvest processing of crystal guava for crystal guava farmers or UMKM.
Keywords: Guava, Solar Dryer, Forced Convection, Drying Efficiency

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