SUNAEDI, Nedi and Hadi, Sudharto P. and Bambang, Azis Nur (2022) MODEL PROGRAM IMBAL JASA LINGKUNGAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CIDANAU PROVINSI BANTEN. Doctoral thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

	Text 01-COVER.docx.pdf Download (683kB)
	Text 02-BAB I PENDAHULUAN_edit.pdf Download (396kB)
	Text 03-BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA_edit.pdf Download (802kB)
	Text 04-BAB III KERANGKA TEORI DAN KERANGKA TEORI_revisi.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (619kB)
	Text 05-BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN_edit.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (509kB)
	Text 06-BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN BAHASAN_edit.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (3MB)
	Text 07-BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI.pdf Download (304kB)
	Text 08-DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Download (653kB)
	Text 09-LAMPIRAN.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (3MB)

Abstract

Daerah aliran sungai (DAS) merupakan kesatuan ruang tempat berlangsungnya proses alamiah yang saling berkaitan. Dalam DAS, selain sumberdaya kebendaan, juga tersedia jasa lingkungansalah satunya adalah jasa air melalui proses siklus hidrologis. DAS Cidanau merupakan sumber air yang penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri dan domestik masyarakat Kota Cilegon. Karakteristik masyarakat petani DAS berupa pertanian tradisional padi darat dan palawija yang menghendaki penebangan pohon, dianggap sebagai penyebab rusaknya tata air di DAS Cidanau, seperti banjir, kekeringan, erosi, dan longsor. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, muncul gagasan untuk membangun hubungan DAS hulu dan hilir melalui mekanisme imbal jasa lingkungan (IJL). Adapun masalah yang diteliti: (1) bagaimana mekanisme proses perencanaan imbal jasa lingkungan di DAS Cidanau Provinsi Banten?, (2) bagaimanakah implementasi program IJL di DAS Cidanau Provinsi Banten?, (3) apakah program IJL dapat meningkatkan kesejateraan masyarakat?, dan (4) apakah program IJL dapat meningkatkan daya dukung lingkungan?
Tipe penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan untuk memahami kondisi penelitian dengan mendeskripsikan secara mendalam berdasarkan kondisi alami (natural setting) tentang implementasi program IJL. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara mendalam (deep interview). Narasumber merupakan orang yang paham mengenai program IJL, yaitu (1) narasumber dari PT KTI sebagai pengguna jasa lingkungan, (2) Ketua Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) sebagai penyedia lingkungan, (3) narasumber dari Forum Komunikasi DAS Cidanau (FKDC) sebagai penghubung antar stakeholders, dan (4) narasumber dari pemerintah daerah sebagai pengambil kebijakan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan program IJL di DAS Cidanau telah berlangsung baik dan berkesinambungan. Keberhasilan program disebabkan oleh kesepakatan mengikat berdasarkan prinsip kesukarelaan dan saling menguntungkan. Pengelolaan program IJL dilakukan oleh FKDC sebagai representasi dari para pemangku kepentingan. Keterwakilan telah sesuai dengan prinsip pengelolaan DAS Cidanau, yaitu satu sungai, satu rencana, dan satu manajemen. Program IJL juga diikat melalui Keputusan Gubernur. Dampak dari program IJL adalah: (1) tersedianya pasokan air baku dari sungai Cidanau dengan debit yang relatif konstan, (2) adanya peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga petani dan terpenuhinya kebutuhan air bersih bagi masyarakat petani DAS hulu yang terhimpun dalam KTH, (3) realisasi program pelestarian DAS Cidanau dan program peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, (4) meningkatkan daya dukung lingkungan.
Temuan dalam penelitian ini (novelties), yaitu: (1) model pengelolaan DAS dilakukan dengan mekanisme IJL, melibatkan para pemangku kepentingan berlandaskan kepentingan bersama, (2) peran ketua kelompok KTH dengan model kepemimpinan terbuka sangat penting dalam keberlanjutan program IJL, (3) perkembangan dan penyebaran program IJL berlangsung secara difusi melalui keberhasilan suatu KTH untuk mendorong petani lain membentuk KTH baru sebagai peserta program IJL, dan (4) masyarakat petani hutan merasakan manfaat dari program IJL dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan, yang menganggap bahwa penghasilan utama bukan dari uang pembayaran jasa lingkungan melainkan dari hasil panen buah-buahan dan komoditas tanaman lainnya. Keberhasilan program IJL di DAS Cidanau dapat dijadikan rekomendasi bagi daerah lain di Indonesia sebagai model dalam pengelolaan DAS terpadu. Meskipun demikian, diperlukan mekanisme penerimaan dana IJL yang lebih fleksibel diluar biaya iuran air yang dibayarkan oleh PT KTI sebagai pengguna jasa lingkungan.
Kata kunci: imbal jasa lingkungan, model pengelolaan DAS, kesejahteraan petani, daya dukung lingkungan

Watershed is a unitary space where the natural processes that are interrelated have taken place. In the watershed, apart from material resources, environmental services are also available through the hydrological cycle process. Cidanau watershed is an important water source for industrial and domestic needs of people in Cilegon. The characteristics of the watershed farming community in the form of traditional land rice and secondary crops that require tree cutting are considered to be the cause of damage to the water system in the Cidanau watershed, such as floods, droughts, erosion, and landslides. Based on that facts, the idea to build upstream and downstream watershed relationships through the payment for environmental services (PES) mechanism. The problem issues are: (1) how is the mechanism for PES program planning in the Cidanau watershed, Banten province?, (2) how is the implementation of PES program in the Cidanau watershed, Banten province?, (3) could PES program improve the welfares of local community?, and ( 4) could PES program increase the carrying capacity of the environment?
The type of research is qualitative research. Qualitative research was conducted to understand the research conditions by describing in depth based on natural conditions regarding the implementation of the PES program. Data was collected through documentation studies, field observations, and in-depth interviews. Resource persons were people who understand well PES program, those are (1) resource persons from PT KTI as users of environmental services, (2) Chair of the Forest Farmers Group (FFG) as environmental providers, (3) resource persons from Cidanau Watershed Communication Forum (FKDC) as a liaison among stakeholders, and (4) resource persons from the local government as policy makers.
The results showed that the implementation of PES program in the Cidanau watershed has been going well and continuously. The success of the program is due to binding agreements based on the principles of volunteerism and mutual benefit. The management of the PES program is carried out by FKDC as a representation of the stakeholders. The representation is in accordance with the management principles of the Cidanau watershed, namely one river, one plan, and one management. The PES program is also tied through a Governor's Decree. The impacts of the PES program are: (1) the availability of raw water supply from the Cidanau river with a relatively constant discharge, (2) an increase in the welfare of farming families and the fulfillment of clean water needs for upstream watershed farming communities that are collected in the FFG, (3) program realization preservation of the Cidanau watershed and programs to improve community welfare, (4) increase the carrying capacity of the environment.
The novelties in this study were (1) the watershed management model is carried out with the PES mechanism, involving stakeholders based on shared interests, (2) the role of the head of the KTH group with an open leadership model is very important in the sustainability of the PES program, (3) the development and dissemination of the PES program took place by diffusion through the success of a KTH to encourage other farmers to form new KTHs as participants of the PES program, and (4) forest farming communities benefited from the PES program in improving welfare, which considered that the main income was not from money for service payments. environment but from the harvest of fruits and other plant commodities. The success of the PES program in the Cidanau watershed can be used as a recommendation for other regions in Indonesia as a model for integrated watershed management. However, a more flexible mechanism for receiving PES funds is needed apart from the water fee paid by PT KTI as a user of environmental services.
Keywords: payment for environmental services, watershed model management, farmers welfares, carrying capacity.

Actions (login required)

View Item