DEWI, Kusuma and Sunarsih, Sunarsih and ALW, Lita Tyesta (2022) PENGAMANAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA. Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

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Abstract

Kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa merupakan kawasan konservasi yang kaya dengan keanekaragaman hayati. Taman Nasional Karimunjawa seperti juga taman nasional lain yang ada di Indonesia tidak lepas dari berbagai gangguan yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan terganggunya ekosistem di daerah kawasan konservasi. Pelanggaran yang telah terjadi di kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa diantaranya pelanggaran zonasi berupa masuknya kapal nelayan yang mencari ikan di zona inti, rusaknya terumbu karang akibat bersandarnya kapal tongkang di kawasan konservasi, dan juga penggunaan potassium dan jaring cantrang oleh nelayan. Pelanggaran tersebut merupakan tindakan ilegal yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dan merupakan masalah yang harus diatasi oleh pemerintah agar kawasan Taman Nasional terjaga keamanannya dan tidak terjadi kerusakan akibat ulah manusia yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar faktor yang mempengaruhi pengamanan dan perlindungan di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, menganalisis sistem pengamanan dan perlindungan yang ada di kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa dengan metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) sehingga dapat disusun suatu perbaikan guna meningkatkan sistem pengamanan dan perlindungan agar gangguan pada Kawasan tersebut dapat diminimalisir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan data primer berupa kuesioner dan wawancara. Data hasil kuesioner kemudian diolah dengan program SmartPLS 2.0 M3. Hasil analisis dari output SmartPLS menunjukkan bahwa input pengamanan dan perlindungan di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa mempengaruhi proses pengamanan dan perlindungan sebesar 87,6% dan sisanya 12,4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model. Kemudian proses pengamanan dan perlindungan mempengaruhi output pengamanan dan perlindungan sebesar 95,1% dan sisanya 4,9% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa model penelitian ini tergolong kuat. Kemudian faktor proses pengamanan dan perlindungan lebih berpengaruh terhadap output pengamanan dan perlindungan yaitu sebesar 0,975 daripada faktor input ke proses yang nilainya sebesar 0,936. Sistem pengamanan dan perlindungan di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa dipengaruhi input berupa sumber daya manusia, komunikasi dan informasi kemudian dipengaruhi oleh proses berupa perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan manajemen. Langkah perbaikan pengamanan dan perlindungan di Kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa dengan meningkatkan proses pengamanan dan perlindungan. Perbaikan dilakukan dengan melihat faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam proses pengamanan dan perlindungan yaitu faktor pengambilan keputusan manajemen dengan cara memperkuat organisasi dan meningkatkan komunikasi yang efektif antara semua stakeholder dan masyarakat di kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan untuk dibentuk Tim Satuan Tugas dari berbagai unsur stakeholder yang berkompeten di bidangnya.
Kata kunci : Karimunjawa, SEM, pengamanan dan perlindungan

The Karimunjawa National Park area is a conservation area rich in biodiversity. Karimunjawa National Park as well as other national parks in Indonesia cannot be separated from various disturbances that can cause damage and disruption of ecosystems in conservation areas. Violations that have occurred in the Karimunjawa National Park area include zoning violations in the form of entering fishing boats looking for fish in the core zone, damage to coral reefs due to barges leaning in conservation areas, and also the use of potassium and cantrang nets by fishermen. This violation is an illegal act committed by the community and is a problem that must be addressed by the government so that the National Park area is kept safe and there is no damage caused by irresponsible human activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between factors that affect security and protection in Karimunjawa National Park, analyze the existing security and protection system in the Karimunjawa National Park area with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method so that an improvement can be arranged to improve the security and protection system so that disturbance to the area can be minimized. The research method used is explanatory research with a quantitative approach using primary data in the form of questionnaires and interviews. The data from the questionnaire was then processed using the SmartPLS 2.0 M3 program. The results of the analysis of the SmartPLS output indicate that the input of security and protection in Karimunjawa National Park affects the process of security and protection by 87.6% and the remaining 12.4% is influenced by other variables outside the model. Then the process of security and protection affects the output of security and protection by 95.1% and the remaining 4.9% is influenced by other variables outside the model. So it can be said that this research model is quite strong. Then the security and protection process factor has more influence on the security and protection output which is equal to 0.975 than the input factor to the process whose value is 0.936. The security and protection system in Karimunjawa National Park is influenced by inputs in the form of human resources, communication, and information and then influenced by processes such as planning and management decision making. Steps to improve security and protection in the Karimunjawa National Park area by increasing the security and protection process. Improvements are made by looking at the most influential factor in the process of security and protection, namely the management decision-making factor by strengthening the organization and increasing effective communication between all stakeholders and the community in the Karimunjawa National Park area. This study suggests that a Task Force Team be formed from various elements of stakeholders who are competent in their fields.
Keywords: Karimunjawa, SEM, security and protection

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