PANGGABEAN, TIFFANI FREDERICA and Prabandari, Adya Paramita (2026) LEGAL EFFORT OF THE INDONESIAN EMBASSY'S LEGAL AID IN DEFENDING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF INDONESIAN CITIZENS WHO ARE VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS IN CAMBODIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR)._039 HI 2026. Undergraduate thesis, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro.

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Abstract

Human Trafficking is one of the most serious transnational crimes that directly violates the fundamental principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, particularly the prohibition of slavery, the right to personal liberty, and the right to an effective remedy. Cambodia has become a major destination for human trafficking involving Indonesian citizens, with the modus operandi of online job fraud that forces victims to work in cyber fraud operations under conditions of deprivation of liberty and confiscation of documents by organized syndicates. This research was conducted using a normative juridical method that is descriptive-analytical using a legislative and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that legal assistance from the Indonesian Embassy in Phnom Penh has not been optimally effective based on the 1948 UDHR standards, where the five parameters of effectiveness, namely accessibility, speed of consular response, scope of assistance, inter agency coordination, and fulfillment of victims' rights, all showed suboptimal results. This study also identified five structural gaps as factors inhibiting the implementation of the UDHR principles, namely limited consular authority, the absence of operational domestic technical regulations, the absence of a bilateral Indonesia-Cambodia MOU specifically for human trafficking, deficiencies in the institutional capacity of the Indonesian Embassy, and the normative weakness of the obligation to repatriate which is formulated as an obligation of conduct rather than an obligation of result.
Keywords : Human Trafficking, Consular Legal Aid, Diplomatic Protection, UDHR, Legal Effectiveness

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