Darmawan, Kevin and Hanura, Marten (2026) CHURCH AND NATION: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH OF UKRAINE AMIDST THE RUSSOUKRAINIAN CRISIS. Undergraduate thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK.

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Abstract

Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 disrupted Ukraine's centuries-old ecclesiastical
relationship with Moscow, and by 2018 this disruption had produced a formal split within global
Orthodoxy. Existing studies describe this split but do not explain why the disruption made an
independent Ukrainian church necessary. This research asks how Ukraine pursued sovereignty
and a national identity distinct from Russia through the establishment of the Orthodox Church
of Ukraine (OCU) during the Russo-Ukrainian crisis. It adopts a holistic constructivist approach,
applying Jennifer Mitzen's theory of ontological security, supported by the concepts of
Jepperson, Wendt, and Katzenstein’s shared norms; and Ted Hopf’s national identity. It applies
a qualitative, explanatory design using David Collier’s process tracing, based on ecclesiastical
documents, an interview with an Orthodox parish member, and secondary sources. The findings
show that the pre-2014 arrangement remained stable through continuous reproduction, that 2014
disrupted its meaning without changing its structure, and that the 2019 Tomos of Autocephaly
institutionalized a new order without settling the underlying jurisdictional contest, as transfer to
the OCU accelerated only after the 2022 invasion. The study concludes that the OCU made a
distinct Ukrainian religious identity intelligible, even as its formal status remains unresolved.
Keywords: Orthodox Church of Ukraine; ontological security; national identity; shared norms;
autocephaly
138 Hubungan Internasional 2026

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