ALKIAN, Ilham and Sutanto, Heri and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2021) DETEKSI KANDUNGAN ION LOGAM BERAT PADA AIR MINUM MENGGUNAKAN FLUORESENSI KARBON DOTS. Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate Studies.

	Text COVER.pdf Download (459kB)
	Text BAB I.pdf Download (68kB)
	Text BAB II.pdf Download (604kB)
	Text BAB III.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (382kB)
	Text BAB IV.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (1MB)
	Text BAB V.pdf Download (242kB)
	Text DAFTAR PUSTAKA.pdf Download (279kB)

Abstract

Deteksi dini terhadap kandungan logam berat pada air minum merupakan langkah fundamental yang harus dilakukan demi mencegah dampak buruk bagi kesehatan. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan detektor ion logam berat dengan memanfaatkan sifat fluoresensi material karbon dots (Cdots). Penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 tahapan, yaitu sintesis Cdots, karakterisasi, dan implementasi pada air minum. Cdots disintesis menggunakan metode microwave irradiation berdasarkan rancangan central composite design dengan faktor: massa urea 0,31-3,68 gr; daya reaktor 200-1000 W; lama sintesis 13-46 menit, dan respon berupa quantum yield (QY). Karakterisasi material meliputi pengujian spektrum fotoluminesensi, TEM, UV-VIS, XRD, dan FTIR. Selektivitas dan sensitivitas Cdots sebagai detektor diujikan terhadap ion Ag+, Bi3+, Ni2+, Al3+, Co2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Zr4+, dan Hg2+ pada konsentrasi 0-10 µM. Akurasi Cdots sebagai detektor diimplementasikan dengan menentukan kandungan logam berat air PDAM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cdots berhasil disintesis dengan memendarkan fluoresensi berwarna hijau terang pada panjang gelombang 544 nm. Model respons yang memadai yaitu quadratic dengan formulasi QY= +58,36 + 10,41X1 + 14,06X2 + 13,59X3 – 5,57X2X3 – 4,89X12 -8,60X22 – 5,40X32. Cdots terbaik diperoleh pada formulasi massa urea 3 gr, daya reaktor 800 W, dan waktu sintesis 40 menit yang menghasilkan QY sebesar 74,39%. Karakteristik Cdots yaitu partikel berbentuk bola, berukuran 6,6 nm, memiliki celah pita energi sebesar 2,53 eV, dan berstruktur amorf. Permukaan Cdots mengandung berbagai gugus fungsi seperti O-H, C-H, C=O, C-N, dan C=C. Pada pengujian deteksi logam berat, Cdots menunjukkan kepekaan spesifik terhadap ion Fe3+. Penambahan konsentrasi Fe3+ dan pemadaman intensitas fluoresensi Cdots membentuk korelasi linier F/Fo= 0,08894[Fe3+] + 0,99391 (R2 = 0,99276). Kemampuan deteksi Cdots terhadap ion Fe3+ mencapai konsentrasi 0,016 ppm, jauh lebih rendah dari batas ambang regulasi Permenkes RI. Hasil deteksi ion Fe3+ air PDAM menggunakan teknik fluoresensi bersesuaian dengan teknik SSA dan ICP-OES, sehingga Cdots telah memenuhi standar akurasi dan kelayakan sebagai detektor logam berat pada air minum. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, teknik fluoresensi menggunakan Cdots dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen kendali mutu produk akhir air minum pada outlet PDAM dan depot air minum.
Kata Kunci: Karbon Dots, Deteksi Logam Berat, Teknik Fluoresensi

Early detection of heavy metal content in drinking water is a fundamental step that must be taken to prevent adverse effects on health. The purpose of this research is to develop a heavy metal ion detector by utilizing the fluorescence properties of carbon dots (Cdots) material. The research was conducted in 3 stages, namely Cdots synthesis, characterization, and implementation in drinking water. Cdots were synthesized using the microwave irradiation method based on the central composite design with the following factors: urea mass 0.31-3.68 gr; reactor power 200-1000 W; synthesis time is 13-46 minutes, and the response is in the form of quantum yield (QY). Material characterization includes photoluminescence spectrum testing, TEM, UV-VIS, XRD, and FTIR. The selectivity and sensitivity of Cdots as detectors were tested for Ag+, Bi3+, Ni2+, Al3+, Co2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Zr4+, and Hg2+ ions at concentrations of 0-10 µM. The accuracy of Cdots as a detector is implemented by determining the heavy metal content of PDAM water. The results showed that Cdots were successfully synthesized by fluorescence bright green at a wavelength of 544 nm. An adequate response model is quadratic with the formulation QY= +58.36 + 10.41X1 + 14.06X2 + 13.59X3 – 5.57X2X3 – 4.89X12 -8.60X22 – 5.40X32. The best Cdots were obtained in the formulation of 3 g urea mass, 800 W reactor power, and a synthesis time of 40 minutes which resulted in a QY of 74.39%. The characteristics of Cdots are spherical particles, measuring 6.6 nm, having an energy band gap of 2.53 eV, and having an amorphous structure. The surface of Cdots contains various functional groups such as O-H, C-H, C=O, C-N, and C=C. In heavy metal detection tests, Cdots showed specific sensitivity to Fe3+ ions. The addition of Fe3+ concentration and the extinction of Cdots fluorescence intensity formed a linear correlation F/Fo= 0.08894[Fe3+] + 0.99391 (R2 = 0.99276). The ability of Cdots to detect Fe3+ ions reaches a concentration of 0.016 ppm, much lower than the regulatory threshold limit of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of the detection of Fe3+ ions in PDAM water using Cdots fluorescence are by the SSA and ICP-OES techniques so that they meet the accuracy and feasibility standards as heavy metal detectors in drinking water. The fluorescence technique using Cdots has the potential to be used as a quality control instrument for the final drinking water product at PDAM outlets and drinking water depots.
Keywords: Carbon Dots, Heavy Metal Detection, Fluorescence Technique

Actions (login required)

View Item