Nugroho, Untoro (2026) Pengaruh Getaran Arus Lalu Lintas Di atas Perkerasan Kaku Terhadap Perubahan Daya Dukung Subgrade. Doctoral thesis, UNDIP.

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Abstract

Traffic flow generates vibrations or repetitive loading on the underlying subgrade. These
repeated vibrations cause a reduction in soil bearing capacity, resulting in a shorter
pavement service life than the design life. This study aims to analyze the dynamic behavior
of subgrade soils beneath rigid pavements under repeated vehicle loading using field
experimental measurements with accelerometers and laboratory testing using a dynamic
triaxial apparatus. The results indicate that vehicle speed and weight significantly influence
the vibration amplitude and frequency transmitted to the subgrade. The mathematical model
describing the relationship between vibration amplitude (A), vehicle speed (V), and vehicle
weight (W) is: A=6,226x10-5.V0,551.W0,718. The mathematical model describing the
relationship between vibration frequency (f), vehicle speed (V), and vehicle weight (W) is: :
f =0,00644.V-0,378.W0,923 . The study also demonstrates that increasing vibration frequency
and amplitude leads to an increase in the excess pore water pressure ratio, which can be
predicted using mathematical models. The relationship between the excess pore water
pressure ratio (Ru), vibration amplitude (A), and sand content percentage (P) is expressed
as: Ru=0,1271+5,6444.A+0,00193.P–14,4860A2+0,01271.A.P–0,00000229.P2. Meanwhile,
the relationship between the excess pore water pressure ratio (Ru), vibration frequency (f),
and sand content percentage (P) is: Ru=0,2027+0,2549.f+0,00076.P–0,0392f2+0,00109.f.P –0,00000229.P2 . The findings confirm that sandy soils tend to undergo dynamic
densification, whereas clayey soils experience greater increases in pore water pressure,
plastic deformation, and stiffness degradation. The recommended correction factor for
subgrade bearing capacity is represented by the following empirical model: Fk=-2,857.10
5.P2+ 0,008097P+1,2303. The study also established a relationship between the erosion
coefficient (kerosi) and reduction of subgrade bearing capacity (ΔCBR): kerosi=0,0133.(ΔCBR)
+ 0,546. The findings confirm that heavy vehicles are the dominant factor accelerating
subgrade degradation through increased stress, strain, pore water pressure, and reduced
bearing capacity. These conditions increase the risks of pumping, fatigue cracking,
differential settlement, and reduced service life of rigid pavements. Therefore, rigid pavement
design should incorporate the effects of dynamic vehicle loading and subgrade degradation
by utilizing the developed mathematical models to achieve more realistic, safe, and
sustainable pavement designs.
Keywords: rigid pavement, subgrade bearing capacity, dynamic vehicle loading, vibration
amplitude, vibration frequency, erosion factor.

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