JAUHARI, Rifqi and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto and Suedy, Sri Widodo Agung (2026) ANALISA PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN BIOMASSA PADA CO-FIRING TERHADAP LAJU PENIPISAN TUBE BOILER PLTU BANTEN 2 LABUAN. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Dalam rangka mencapai target bauran energi nasional, program co-firing biomassa pada PLTU menjadi salah satu strategi utama dalam meningkatkan kontribusi energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Implementasi co-firing secara komersial didasarkan pada hasil uji coba yang menunjukkan kelayakan teknis tanpa mengganggu keandalan operasional pembangkit. Namun demikian, permasalahan yang muncul terkait dengan penerapan co-firing adalah potensi penurunan keandalan pipa boiler serta perubahan kinerja operasional pembangkit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan co-firing terhadap laju penipisan (corrosion rate), sisa umur (remaining life), serta kinerja pembangkit yang diwakili oleh Nett Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) dan Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah pendekatan statistik berupa Two-Way ANOVA dengan replikasi serta analisis regresi linear. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variasi bahan bakar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap corrosion rate dengan nilai signifikansi <0,05 dan menjadi faktor dominan berdasarkan nilai partial eta squared sebesar 0,903. Rata-rata corrosion rate pada kondisi co-firing menurun menjadi 0,1358 mm/tahun dibandingkan pembakaran batubara sebesar 0,2270 mm/tahun. Penurunan ini mengindikasikan adanya kemungkinan penebalan semu pada permukaan tube akibat ash deposit, slagging, oxide scale, sulfur, dan endapan logam alkali bertitik leleh rendah yang dapat memengaruhi hasil pembacaan UTG piezoelectric. Hasil remain life juga menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan dari variasi bahan bakar dengan nilai signifikansi <0,05 dan partial eta squared sebesar 0,957. Rata-rata remain life meningkat dari 7,2152 tahun pada pembakaran batubara menjadi 15,9089 tahun pada co-firing. Namun, peningkatan ini perlu ditafsirkan secara hati-hati karena dapat berkaitan dengan penurunan corrosion rate yang dipengaruhi oleh deposit permukaan dan bukan semata-mata akibat penurunan degradasi logam aktual. Dari sisi performa pembangkit, co-firing meningkatkan NPHR dari 2829,0039 kCal/kWh menjadi 2930,1433 kCal/kWh atau naik 3,57%, serta meningkatkan SFC dari 0,5891 kg/kWh menjadi 0,6242 kg/kWh atau naik 5,95%. Kenaikan NPHR dan SFC menunjukkan bahwa co-firing berpotensi menurunkan efisiensi termal apabila kualitas biomassa, terutama kadar air, nilai kalor, homogenitas pencampuran, dan kestabilan pembakaran tidak dikendalikan dengan baik.
Kata kunci: Batubara, Co-Firing, Corrosion Rate, Remaining Life, NPHR, SFC

To support the achievement of the national energy mix target, biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants has been promoted as one of the key strategies to increase the contribution of renewable energy. Commercial implementation of co-firing is generally based on trial results indicating its technical feasibility without compromising plant operational reliability. However, the application of co-firing may introduce potential challenges related to boiler tube reliability and changes in power plant operating performance. This study aims to evaluate the effect of co-firing on tube thinning rate, represented by corrosion rate, remaining life, and plant performance indicators, including Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) and Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC). The analysis was conducted using statistical approaches, including two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication and linear regression analysis. The results show that fuel variation has a significant effect on corrosion rate, with a significance value below 0.05. Fuel variation was also identified as the dominant factor, as indicated by a partial eta squared value of 0.903. The average corrosion rate under co-firing conditions decreased to 0.1358 mm/year compared with 0.2270 mm/year under coal-firing conditions. This reduction indicates the possible occurrence of apparent thickening on the tube surface due to ash deposits, slagging, oxide scale, sulfur compounds, and low-melting-point alkali metal deposits, which may interfere with piezoelectric ultrasonic thickness gauge (UTG) measurements. The remaining life analysis also shows a significant effect of fuel variation, with a significance value below 0.05 and a partial eta squared value of 0.957. The average remaining life increased from 7.2152 years under coal firing to 15.9089 years under co-firing. Nevertheless, this increase should be interpreted with caution, as it may be associated with a reduction in the calculated corrosion rate caused by surface deposits rather than an actual decrease in metal degradation. In terms of plant performance, co-firing increased the NPHR from 2829.0039 kCal/kWh to 2930.1433 kCal/kWh, corresponding to an increase of 3.57%. The SFC also increased from 0.5891 kg/kWh to 0.6242 kg/kWh, representing an increase of 5.95%. The increases in NPHR and SFC indicate that biomass co-firing may reduce thermal efficiency when biomass quality, particularly moisture content, calorific value, blending homogeneity, and combustion stability, is not properly controlled.
Keywords: Coal, Co-Firing, Corrosion Rate, Remaining Life, NPHR, SFC

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