NAYAPARANA, Hiro and Purwanto, Purwanto and Kusdiyantini, Endang (2026) PENGARUH COOLING WATER INLET TEMPERATURE (CWIT) TERHADAP EFISIENSI PLTU USC 1050 MW. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

PLTU berbahan bakar batubara masih menjadi tulang punggung penyediaan energi listrik di Indonesia. Kinerja pembangkit sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem kondensor yang bergantung pada suhu air pendingin masuk (CWIT). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh CWIT terhadap kinerja termal dan ekonomi PLTU Jawa-7 berteknologi Ultra Supercritical (USC) berkapasitas 1.050 MW. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data operasi yang diperoleh dari Distributed Control System (DCS), meliputi CWIT, tekanan kondensor, Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR), daya netto, dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Analisis regresi menunjukkan hubungan positif yang kuat antara CWIT dan tekanan kondensor dengan persamaan Tekanan Kondensor = 3,298(CWIT) − 52,021. Peningkatan CWIT terbukti meningkatkan tekanan kondensor, menurunkan kualitas vakum, menurunkan efisiensi termal, serta meningkatkan NPHR. Analisis deviasi menunjukkan bahwa NPHR aktual lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai jaminan pabrikan, yang mengindikasikan pengaruh faktor internal seperti fouling kondensor dan distribusi aliran pendingin yang tidak optimal. Dari sisi ekonomi, fuel cost penalty berada pada kisaran Rp858 juta hingga Rp1,29 miliar per hari, sedangkan opportunity loss akibat penurunan daya netto berkisar antara Rp989 juta hingga Rp16,10 miliar per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan CWIT memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap penurunan efisiensi dan peningkatan biaya operasi, sehingga diperlukan optimalisasi sistem pendingin, pemeliharaan kondensor, dan sistem pemantauan kinerja yang berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Cooling Water Inlet Temperature (CWIT), Efisiensi PLTU, USC, linear regression

Coal-fired power plants remain the backbone of electricity supply in Indonesia. The performance of these plants is significantly influenced by the condenser system, which depends on the cooling water inlet temperature (CWIT). This study aims to analyze the effect of CWIT on the thermal and economic performance of the Jawa-7 power plant, which utilizes Ultra Supercritical (USC) technology and has a capacity of 1,050 MW. The study employs a quantitative approach using operational data obtained from the Distributed Control System (DCS), including CWIT, condenser pressure, Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR), net power output, and fuel consumption. Regression analysis indicates a strong positive relationship between CWIT and condenser pressure, with the equation: Condenser Pressure = 3.298(CWIT) − 52.021. An increase in CWIT was found to increase condenser pressure, reduce vacuum quality, decrease thermal efficiency, and increase NPHR. Deviation analysis showed that the actual NPHR was higher than the manufacturer’s guaranteed value, indicating the influence of internal factors such as condenser fouling and suboptimal coolant flow distribution. From an economic perspective, the fuel cost penalty ranges from Rp858 million to Rp1.29 billion per day, while the opportunity loss due to reduced net power ranges from Rp989 million to Rp16.10 billion per day. The research results show that an increase in CWIT has a significant impact on reduced efficiency and increased operating costs, thus requiring system optimization.
Keywords: Cooling Water Inlet Temperature (CWIT), PLTU Efficiency, USC

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