WIBOWO, Rimala Zahra and Suherman, Suherman and Helmi, Muhammad (2026) KAJIAN REDUKSI DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PADA PROSES PEMBANGKITAN LISTRIK BERDASARKAN ANALISIS LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT DI PT PLN NUSANTARA POWER UP CIRATA, KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata merupakan salah satu pembangkit listrik tenaga air terbesar di Indonesia dengan kapasitas terpasang sebesar 1.008 MW dan berperan strategis dalam mendukung ketahanan pasokan listrik nasional di Indonesia. Meskipun termasuk energi terbarukan, proses operasional PLTA tidak sepenuhnya bebas dari dampak lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi dampak lingkungan dari proses pembangkitan listrik di PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata serta menentukan alternatif prioritas untuk mereduksi dampak lingkungan berdasarkan hasil identifikasi isu penting (hotspot). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan ruang lingkup cradle-to-gate dan unit fungsi sebesar 1 kWh listrik. Penilaian dampak dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak SimaPro 9.5.0.2 dengan metode CML-IA Baseline pada kategori dampak Global Warming Potential (GWP), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Acidification Potential (AP), dan Eutrophication Potential (EP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada lingkup cradle, unit proses Cirata Reservoir merupakan hotspot utama pada seluruh kategori dampak akibat penggunaan bahan bakar solar, dengan kontribusi dampak sebesar 1,21×10⁻⁴ kg CO₂-ek/kWh untuk GWP, 2,35×10⁻¹¹ kg CFC-11 ek/kWh untuk ODP, 3,52×10⁻⁷ kg SO₂-ek/kWh untuk AP, dan 3,32×10⁻⁶ kg PO₄-ek/kWh untuk EP. Pada lingkup gate, hotspot utama teridentifikasi pada unit proses turbin dan Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Penggunaan oli dan timbulan oli bekas pada turbin memberikan dampak sebesar 1,91×10⁻⁵ kg CO₂-ek/kWh pada kategori GWP, 2,63×10⁻¹² kg CFC-11 ek/kWh pada kategori ODP, dan 3,97×10⁻⁸ kg SO₂-ek/kWh pada kategori AP. Sementara itu, unit proses STP memberikan kontribusi terbesar pada kategori EP sebesar 3,49×10⁻⁷ kg PO₄-ek/kWh. Berdasarkan analisis AHP, alternatif prioritas untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan pada hotspot yang teridentifikasi adalah modifikasi bucket excavator pada Cirata Reservoir, pemanfaatan kembali oli bekas melalui teknologi filtrasi pada unit turbin, serta optimalisasi beban masuk pada unit STP. Implementasi alternatif tersebut berpotensi menurunkan dampak lingkungan pada masing-masing hotspot sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja lingkungan proses pembangkitan listrik di PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata.
Kata Kunci: Analitical Hierarchy Proses, Cradle-to-Gate, Isu Penting (Hotspot), Kinerja Lingkungan, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air

PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata is one of the largest hydropower plants in Indonesia, with an installed capacity of 1,008 MW, and plays a strategic role in supporting the national electricity supply. Although hydropower is classified as a renewable energy source, its operational activities are not entirely free from environmental impacts. This study aimed to assess the potential environmental impacts associated with the electricity generation process at PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata and to determine priority alternatives for environmental impact reduction based on the identified hotspots. The assessment was conducted using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with a cradle-to-gate system boundary and a functional unit of 1 kWh of electricity. Environmental impacts were evaluated using SimaPro 9.5.0.2 software and the CML-IA Baseline method, covering four impact categories: Global Warming Potential (GWP), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). The results indicated that within the cradle boundary, the Cirata Reservoir process unit was identified as the primary hotspot across all impact categories due to diesel fuel consumption, contributing 1.21 × 10⁻⁴ kg CO₂-eq/kWh to GWP, 2.35 × 10⁻¹¹ kg CFC-11-eq/kWh to ODP, 3.52 × 10⁻⁷ kg SO₂-eq/kWh to AP, and 3.32 × 10⁻⁶ kg PO₄-eq/kWh to EP. Within the gate boundary, the main hotspots were identified in the turbine unit and the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). The use of lubricating oil and the generation of waste oil in the turbine unit contributed 1.91 × 10⁻⁵ kg CO₂-eq/kWh to GWP, 2.63 × 10⁻¹² kg CFC-11-eq/kWh to ODP, and 3.97 × 10⁻⁸ kg SO₂-eq/kWh to AP. Meanwhile, the STP exhibited the highest contribution to EP, with an impact value of 3.49 × 10⁻⁷ kg PO₄-eq/kWh. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis, the priority alternatives for reducing environmental impacts were excavator bucket modification at the Cirata Reservoir, waste oil reuse through filtration technology in the turbine unit, and influent load optimization at the STP. The implementation of these alternatives has the potential to reduce environmental impacts at the identified hotspots and improve the environmental performance of the electricity generation process at PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Cirata.
Keywords: Analitical Hierarchy Proses, Cradle-to-Gate, Hotspot, Environmental Performance, Hydropower Plant

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