RAHMAWAN, Muhamad Hari and Warsito, Budi and Muhammad, Fuad (2026) ANALISIS KOMPARATIF DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM LINGKUNGAN PADA HOTSPOT PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Produksi batubara menimbulkan dampak lingkungan yang signifikan, namun penilaian dampak pada sektor ini umumnya masih terbatas pada pemenuhan baku mutu satu tahap proses dan belum mengevaluasi efektivitas program pengelolaan lingkungan secara kuantitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi dampak lingkungan, mengidentifikasi isu penting (hotspot), serta mengevaluasi efektivitas program pengelolaan lingkungan pada produksi batubara PT Bhumi Rantau Energi di Kabupaten Tapin, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Penilaian dilakukan dengan batasan sistem cradle-to-gate dan unit fungsi 1 ton batubara, metode karakterisasi CML-IA Baseline, serta perangkat lunak SimaPro 9.5.0.0, dengan membandingkan kondisi tahun 2023 (sebelum) dan 2024 (sesudah) implementasi program. Kategori dampak yang dianalisis meliputi global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), dan eutrophication potential (EP). Hasil penilaian kualitas data memperoleh skor Data Quality Rating sebesar 1,26 (kategori sangat baik). Nilai dampak total menurun dari 25,2 menjadi 22,0 kg CO2-eq/ton (GWP); 0,159 menjadi 0,140 kg SO2-eq/ton (AP); dan 0,0357 menjadi 0,0333 kg PO4-eq/ton (EP). Hotspot dampak terutama berada pada unit proses topsoil dan overburden removal serta coal hauling, yang didominasi oleh emisi pembakaran bahan bakar diesel, penggunaan biodiesel (FAME), dan bahan peledak amonium nitrat. Implementasi teknologi air deck menurunkan GWP 10,77%, AP 11,33%, dan EP 3,64%, sedangkan substitusi bucket CAT980NG menurunkan GWP 20%, AP 18%, dan EP 23,89%. Berdasarkan analisis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), program optimisasi jarak dan rute angkut menjadi rekomendasi prioritas tertinggi (bobot 0,265). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan LCA komparatif efektif untuk mengukur kinerja program pengelolaan lingkungan secara terukur dan berbasis bukti.
Kata kunci: life cycle assessment, batubara, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, hotspot, analisis komparatif

Coal production generates significant environmental impacts, yet impact assessment in this sector is generally limited to single-stage compliance with quality standards and has not quantitatively evaluated the effectiveness of environmental management programs. This study aims to analyse the potential environmental impacts, identify the hotspots, and evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programs in the coal production of PT Bhumi Rantau Energi in Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The assessment applied a cradle-to-gate system boundary and a functional unit of 1 tonne of coal, the CML-IA Baseline characterisation method, and SimaPro 9.5.0.0 software, comparing the conditions of 2023 (before) and 2024 (after) program implementation. The impact categories analysed were global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP). The data quality assessment obtained a Data Quality Rating score of 1.26 (very good category). The total impact values decreased from 25.2 to 22.0 kg CO2-eq/ton (GWP); 0.159 to 0.140 kg SO2-eq/ton (AP); and 0.0357 to 0.0333 kg PO4-eq/ton (EP). The impact hotspots were mainly located in the topsoil and overburden removal and coal hauling unit processes, dominated by diesel fuel combustion emissions, biodiesel (FAME) use, and ammonium nitrate explosives. The implementation of air deck technology reduced GWP by 10.77%, AP by 11.33%, and EP by 3.64%, while the CAT980NG bucket substitution reduced GWP by 20%, AP by 18%, and EP by 23.89%. Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis, the optimisation of hauling distance and route became the highest-priority recommendation (weight 0.265). These results demonstrate that the comparative LCA approach is effective for measuring the performance of environmental management programs in a measurable and evidence-based manner.
Keywords: life cycle assessment, coal, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, hotspot, comparative analysis

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