TANESIB, Cornelia Novita Verawati and Purnaweni, Hartuti and Rahadian, Rully (2026) MODEL TATA KELOLA KOLABORATIF BERBASIS ‘‘TIGA BATU TUNGKU’' DALAM PENANGANAN SAMPAH DI KOTA KUPANG. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Krisis pengelolaan sampah perkotaan sering kali bersumber dari kelemahan tata kelola konvensional yang bersifat top-down dan pengabaian aktor non-negara. Secara sosiokultural, masyarakat Nusa Tenggara Timur memiliki kearifan lokal ‘Tiga Batu Tungku’, sebuah filosofi kepemimpinan tradisional yang melambangkan keseimbangan dan kekuatan kolektif tiga pilar utama, yaitu Pemerintah, Tokoh Agama, dan Tokoh Adat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis integrasi model tata kelola kolaboratif berbasis kearifan lokal ‘Tiga Batu Tungku’ tersebut dalam penanganan sampah di Kota Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Penelitian kualitatif studi kasus ini mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam terhadap sembilan informan kunci. Data dianalisis menggunakan NVivo 12 Pro dengan pembatasan pada model tiga fase Barbara Gray (1991). Hasil analisis Stakeholder Salience Model menunjukkan ketimpangan struktural. Pemerintah merupakan definitive stakeholder yang mendominasi kekuasaan formal dan urgensi kebijakan. Pilar adat menjadi dominant stakeholder dengan legitimasi historis dan kontrol sosial tinggi, namun urgensi sedang. Sementara pilar agama merupakan dependent stakeholder yang kaya legitimasi moral namun terbatas dalam kekuasaan formal. Spektrum IAP2 menunjukkan interaksi tripartit masih berada pada tahap awal (inform hingga consult). Seluruh fase kolaborasi didominasi pemerintah, sedangkan peran adat dan agama cenderung simbolik-parsial sehingga berisiko memicu stakeholder fatigue.
Penelitian ini merekomendasikan transformasi menuju tata kelola polisentris melalui empat strategi: (1) formalisasi Forum ‘Tiga Batu Tungku’ (Pemerintah, Adat dan Agama); (2) integrasi sanksi sosial adat dengan hukum formal; (3) penguatan keseimbangan kekuasaan melalui skema kontrak kinerja dan shared budgeting dengan pilar agama; serta (4) integrasi manajemen pengetahuan komunitas ke sistem informasi pemerintah.
Kata Kunci: Collaborative Governance, Stakeholder Salience, Stakeholder Engagement, ‘Tiga Batu Tungku’, Pengelolaan Sampah

Urban waste management crises often stem from the weaknesses of conventional, top-down governance and the marginalization of non-state actors. Socioculturally, the community of East Nusa Tenggara possesses a local wisdom known as ‘‘Tiga Batu Tungku’’ (Three Hearthstones), a traditional leadership philosophy symbolizing balance and the collective strength of three primary pillars: the Government, Religious Leaders, and Customary (Adat) Leaders. This study aims to analyze the integration of a collaborative governance model based on the ‘‘Tiga Batu Tungku’’ local wisdom in waste management within Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara.
This descriptive qualitative case study gathered data through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with nine key informants. The data were analyzed using NVivo 12 Pro, frameworked within Barbara Gray’s (1991) three-phase collaboration model. The results of the Stakeholder Salience Model analysis reveal structural imbalances among the pillars. The government acts as a definitive stakeholder, dominating formal power and policy urgency. The customary pillar serves as a dominant stakeholder with high historical legitimacy and social control, yet possesses moderate urgency. Meanwhile, the religious pillar operates as a dependent stakeholder, rich in moral legitimacy but highly constrained in terms of formal structural power.
Evaluation using the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2) Spectrum indicates that tripartite interaction in waste management remains at the initial stages (inform to consult). All phases of collaboration are heavily dominated by the government, whereas the roles of customary and religious pillars tend to be symbolic-partial, thereby threatening to trigger stakeholder fatigue.
To address these challenges, this study recommends a transformation toward polycentric governance through four strategic measures: (1) formalizing the ‘Tiga Batu Tungku’ Forum; (2) integrating customary social sanctions with formal legal enforcement; (3) strengthening power balance through performance-based contract schemes and shared budgeting with the religious pillar; and (4) integrating community-based knowledge management into the official government information system.
Keywords: Collaborative Governance, Stakeholder Salience, Stakeholder Engagement, ‘Tiga Batu Tungku’, Waste Management

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