LUBIS, Ardyansyah and Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih and Warsito, Budi (2026) ANALISIS RISIKO EKOTOKSIKOLOGI AMOXICILLIN DAN DAMPAK POTENSI RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA DI SUNGAI SEKETAK, SEMARANG. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO.

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Abstract

Residu antibiotik dalam lingkungan akuatik telah menjadi perhatian global karena sifatnya sebagai emerging contaminants yang berpotensi memicu resistensi antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsentrasi amoxicillin di Sungai Seketak, Semarang, serta mengevaluasi risiko ekotoksikologinya terhadap organisme akuatik melalui pendekatan Risk Quotient (RQ). Penelitian menggunakan metode mixed-method dengan pengambilan sampel air secara purposive sampling di sepanjang aliran Sungai Seketak yang terpapar limbah domestik dan fasilitas kesehatan. Analisis sampel dilakukan menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan residu amoxicillin terdeteksi pada kisaran konsentrasi 0,0065–0,0082 mg/L. Meskipun parameter kualitas air konvensional secara umum memenuhi baku mutu, analisis risiko menunjukkan nilai RQ > 0,1 pada beberapa titik, yang mengindikasikan risiko ekotoksikologi tingkat sedang hingga tinggi bagi biota air. Keberadaan residu ini secara jangka panjang berpotensi meningkatkan tekanan selektif terhadap bakteri lingkungan dan mempercepat penyebaran gen resistensi antibiotik (ARG). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya pengawasan ketat terhadap limbah farmasi dan pemutakhiran regulasi pengelolaan air limbah untuk memitigasi dampak resistensi antimikroba di ekosistem sungai perkotaan.
Kata kunci: Amoxicillin, Emerging Contaminants, Risk Quotient, ekotoksikologi, resistensi antimikroba

Antibiotic residues in aquatic environments have become a global concern due to their role as emerging contaminants that potentially trigger antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to analyze the concentration of amoxicillin in the Seketak River, Semarang, and evaluate its ecotoxicological risk to aquatic organisms using the Risk Quotient (RQ) approach. A mixed-method research design was employed, with water samples collected via purposive sampling along the Seketak River, which is exposed to domestic and healthcare facility wastewater. Sample analysis was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that amoxicillin residues were detected within a concentration range of 0.0065–0.0082 mg/L. While conventional water quality parameters generally complied with regulatory standards, the risk assessment revealed RQ values > 0.1 at several points, indicating a moderate to high ecotoxicological risk to aquatic biota. The long-term presence of these residues potentially increases selective pressure on environmental bacteria and accelerates the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study concludes the necessity for stringent monitoring of pharmaceutical waste and the updating of wastewater management regulations to mitigate the impact of antimicrobial resistance in urban river ecosystems.
Keywords: Amoxicillin, Emerging Contaminants, Risk Quotient, ecotoxicology, antimicrobial resistance

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